1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study used a two-stage pulsed laser deposition (PLD) method to grow ZnO nanostructures. The first stage involved varying the seeding-angle for self-seeding on quartz substrates, and the second stage involved growing nanostructures at a fixed glancing angle.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

High purity ZnO powder was used to make pellets for PLD. Quartz substrates were prepared by sonication before deposition.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Pulsed KrF excimer laser source, Rigaku SmartLab X-ray diffractometer, FESEM (Supra55 Zeiss), ImageJ software, Keithley meter, LabRam HR Evolution spectrometer, UV-Vis spectrometer (carry 60, Agilent), Dongwoo optron DM 500i PL spectrometer.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The deposition was performed in two stages with varying seeding-angles in the first stage and a fixed glancing angle in the second stage. The samples were characterized using XRD, SEM, Raman spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, and PL spectroscopy.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

The crystallite size was calculated using the Scherrer equation. Porosity was analyzed using ImageJ software. Optical band gap was calculated using Tauc plots.