研究目的
To develop a facile and effective strategy for fabricating high-quality large-grain triple cation perovskite films via sequential deposition method, addressing the lack of such methods in the field.
研究成果
The CsPbI3-IPG strategy provides new insights into the fabrication of high-quality large-grain perovskite materials with superior illumination and moisture stability via a sequential deposition method, which can be easily extended to the compositional engineering of other triple or quadruple cation perovskite materials.
研究不足
Excess introduced δ-CsPbI3 precursor (>10%) in PbI2 film leads to the formation of δ-perovskite, which seriously damages the photovoltaic and stability performances of the devices.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection
A δ-CsPbI3 intermediate phase growth (CsPbI3-IPG) assisted sequential deposition method was demonstrated for the first time to incorporate controllable cesium into (FAPbI3)1–x(MAPbBr3)x perovskite, enlarge the perovskite grains, manipulate the crystallization, modulate the bandgap, and improve the stability of final perovskite films.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources
Perovskite films were prepared with various amounts of the δ-CsPbI3 intermediate phase to investigate their photovoltaic performances systematically.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials
Materials included SnO2 colloidal dispersion, Lead (II) iodine (PbI2), Dimethyl sulfoxide, N,N-dimethylformamide, isopropanol, chlorobenzene (CB), acetonitrile (ACN), 4-tertbutylpyridine (TBP), Formamidinium iodide (FAI), cesium iodide (CsI), lead (II) bromide (PbBr2), methylammonium bromide (MABr), methylammonium chloride (MACl), bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium salt (Li-TFSI), Co(III)-TFSI (FK209), and Spiro-OMeTAD (99.8%). Equipment included X-ray diffraction system, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, UV–vis spectrophotometer, PL system, FluoTime 300 spectrometer, confocal laser scanning microscopy, EQE system, and current–voltage characteristics measurement setup.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow
Perovskite solar cells were fabricated with the structure of FTO/SnO2/perovskite/Spiro-OMeTAD/Au. The perovskite layer was prepared via a two-step spin-coating process, involving the deposition of PbI2 or CsPbI3 precursor contained PbI2 mixture solution on SnO2-FTO substrate, followed by the spin-coating of FAI/MABr/MACl mixture solution atop the PbI2 layer and annealing.
5：Data Analysis Methods
The photovoltaic performances were evaluated through current–voltage characteristics measurement under AM 1.5G simulated illuminations. The external quantum efficiency curves were collected, and the stability of the devices was tested under continuous illumination and high-humidity conditions.
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Dimethyl sulfoxide
DMSO
Sigma-Aldrich
Used as a solvent in the preparation of perovskite films.
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N,N-dimethylformamide
DMF
Sigma-Aldrich
Used as a solvent in the preparation of perovskite films.
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isopropanol
IPA
Sigma-Aldrich
Used in the preparation of perovskite films.
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chlorobenzene
CB
Sigma-Aldrich
Used in the preparation of Spiro-OMeTAD mixture solution.
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acetonitrile
ACN
Sigma-Aldrich
Used in the preparation of Spiro-OMeTAD mixture solution.
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4-tertbutylpyridine
TBP
Sigma-Aldrich
Used in the preparation of Spiro-OMeTAD mixture solution.
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SnO2 colloidal dispersion
tin (iv) oxide, 15% in H2O colloidal dispersion
Alfa Aesar
Used as a precursor solution for the fabrication of perovskite solar cells.
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Lead (II) iodine
PbI2
TCI
Used in the preparation of perovskite films.
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Formamidinium iodide
FAI
Xi’an Polymer Light Technology
Used in the preparation of perovskite films.
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cesium iodide
CsI
Xi’an Polymer Light Technology
Used in the preparation of perovskite films.
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lead (II) bromide
PbBr2
Xi’an Polymer Light Technology
Used in the preparation of perovskite films.
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methylammonium bromide
MABr
Xi’an Polymer Light Technology
Used in the preparation of perovskite films.
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methylammonium chloride
MACl
Xi’an Polymer Light Technology
Used in the preparation of perovskite films.
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bis(trifluoromethane) sulfonimide lithium salt
Li-TFSI
Xi’an Polymer Light Technology
Used in the preparation of Spiro-OMeTAD mixture solution.
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Co(III)-TFSI
FK209
Xi’an Polymer Light Technology
Used in the preparation of Spiro-OMeTAD mixture solution.
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Spiro-OMeTAD
99.8%
Xi’an Polymer Light Technology
Used in the preparation of Spiro-OMeTAD mixture solution.
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