1：Experimental Design and Method Selection

A two-step sintering (TSS) method was employed to modify the morphologies of thermally evaporated CsPbBr3 films and reduce defect densities.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources

CsBr and PbBr2 precursors were used to fabricate CsPbBr3 films. The films were characterized using various techniques including XRD, UV-vis, SEM, AFM, TEM, PL, TRPL, and EIS.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials

FTO glass, TiO2, CsBr, PbBr2, carbon pastes, X-ray diffractometer, ultraviolet spectrometer, field-emission scanning electron microscope, atomic force microscope, transmission electron microscope, PL microscopic spectrometer, DS081403 for TRPL, EC-lab for EIS, solar simulator, Keithley 2400 source meter, QEX10 solar cell instrument.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow

The fabrication process involved sequential evaporating of CsBr and PbBr2 onto FTO/TiO2 substrates, followed by sintering in a muffle furnace. Carbon electrodes were then printed on the perovskite films.

5：Data Analysis Methods

Data from XRD, UV-vis, SEM, AFM, TEM, PL, TRPL, and EIS were analyzed to assess film quality, defect densities, and device performance.