研究目的
To investigate the microscopic basis of the contact resistance improvement induced by annealing plated contacts that feature an interface oxide layer.
研究成果
The study concludes that the improvement in contact resistance is not due to silicide formation but likely due to changes in the electrical properties of the interface oxide layer during annealing. This suggests a need to reconsider the objectives of postplating annealing for laser-structured plated contacts.
研究不足
The study is limited to the specific conditions of laser structuring and plating on silicon solar cells, and the findings may not be directly applicable to other metallization methods or materials.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study considers three types of interfaces of laser-modified silicon and plated nickel, differing in the interface oxide layer.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Industrially manufactured p-type Czochralski-grown (Cz) monocrystalline Si Al-BSF solar cell precursors were used.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
A ps-pulsed laser with a wavelength of 355 nm, single-side inline plating tools, and an inline belt furnace for postplating annealing.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The process includes laser structuring, HF dip, plating of Ni, Cu, and Ag, and postplating annealing.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Characterization was performed using SEM, TEM, EDXS, AES, and Raman spectroscopy.
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SEM
Zeiss Auriga Cross Beam
Zeiss
Used for imaging the thickness of the plated nickel layer and nucleation samples.
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TEM
FEI TecnaiG2 F20
FEI
Used for characterization based on TEM, equipped with a HAADF detector and EDAX-Si(Li) EDX system.
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ps-pulsed laser
355 nm
Used for laser structuring of passivation layer openings.
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single-side inline plating tools
Rena Technology GmbH
Used for plating of Ni, Cu, and Ag.
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inline belt furnace
Used for postplating annealing.
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AES
PHI 680 Xi Auger Nanoprobe
PHI
Used for depth profiles of the elementary composition.
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Raman spectroscopy
Used for detecting the presence of a-Si within the laser-structured passivation layer openings.
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