研究目的
Investigating the effects of fluorination on the structural properties and performance of polymer solar cells processed using a halogen-free solvent system.
研究成果
The introduction of an optimal number of fluorine atoms in the polymer backbone significantly enhances the performance of PSCs by improving molecular ordering/packing, interaction with PC71BM, and interconnectivity between photoactive material domains. The PNTz4T-1F polymer demonstrated the highest PCE of 11.77% when processed with a halogen-free solvent, marking a significant advancement towards practical applications of this class of solar cells.
研究不足
The study is limited to PNTz4T-based polymers and their fluorinated derivatives. The performance of PSCs with more than two fluorine atoms was not explored in depth due to negative effects on efficiency.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A new synthetic route was developed for a monofluoro-bithiophene monomer, leading to the synthesis of a novel PNTz4T-1F polymer. The photovoltaic performance of PSCs based on this polymer was evaluated.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The study focused on PNTz4T-based polymers with varying numbers of fluorine atoms.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Gel permeation chromatography (GPC), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry (CV), grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering (GIWAXS), atomic force microscopy (AFM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) were used.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The polymers were synthesized via Stille coupling. PSCs were fabricated with an inverted device architecture and characterized under AM
5:5G solar radiation. Data Analysis Methods:
The photovoltaic parameters were analyzed, and the morphological properties of the photoactive layers were studied to understand the performance enhancements.
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Gel permeation chromatography
Characterization of molecular weight and polydispersity index of polymers.
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Thermogravimetric analysis
Assessment of thermal stability of polymers.
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Differential scanning calorimetry
Analysis of melting and crystallization temperatures of polymers.
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UV-vis absorption spectroscopy
Measurement of absorption behavior of polymers in solution and film states.
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Cyclic voltammetry
Determination of oxidation potential and energy levels of polymers.
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Grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering
Study of molecular orientation and packing ordering of polymers.
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Atomic force microscopy
Investigation of surface morphologies of photoactive layers.
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Transmission electron microscopy
Visualization of morphological properties of photoactive layers.
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Secondary ion mass spectroscopy
Analysis of vertical composition profiles of photoactive films.
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