研究目的
To demonstrate a universal approach for optimizing charge extraction in electron transporting layer-free organic solar cells via Lewis base doping.
研究成果
The study presents a universal strategy with Lewis base doping based on a series of TXABr salts to achieve (quasi)-ohmic contact in a range of NF-OSCs without electron transporting layers. The demonstrated results provide useful guidance for the selection rules of interfacial doping and offer a promising route to realize high efficiency non-fullerene organic solar cells with simplified device architecture.
研究不足
The study acknowledges that the doping condition at high doping concentrations should be avoided for solar cells due to visible aggregates likely caused by the crystallization of dopants. The full picture of the correlation between molecular structure–doping efficiency–device efficiency enhancement calls for further study.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study utilized a series of tetraalkyl ammonium bromide (TXABr) Lewis bases as n-dopants for mediating electron extracting properties in organic solar cells (OSCs) with non-fullerene or PCBM acceptors. The doping efficiency and resultant PCE were correlated with the chain length (Lchain) of dopants.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The study focused on OSCs based on acceptors of ITIC derivatives (IT-4F, ITIC, ITM, and ITCC) and other acceptors bearing different structures in conjugated backbones or side chains.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Materials included PBDBT-2F, PBDB-T, PTB7-Th, IT-4F, ITIC, ITM, ITCC, PC71BM, and TXABr dopants. Equipment used for characterization included UV-Vis absorption spectrometer, PL spectroscopy, UPS, AR-XPS, EDX mapping, SEM measurements, and a Keithley 2400 Sourcemeter for J-V characteristics.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The BHJ layers were spin-coated atop the PEDOT:PSS layer, followed by thermal annealing. TXABr solutions were spin-cast on the BHJ films, and Al was evaporated in a vacuum through shadow masks.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
The study analyzed the solar cell efficiency as a function of dopant concentration, performed Mott-Schottky analysis to determine the density of dopant-induced background carriers, and examined the recombination order by Plight-dependent Voc measurements.
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