研究目的
Investigating the implementation of pump–probe Kelvin probe force microscopy (pp-KPFM) for recording time-resolved surface potential in single-point mode or over a 2D grid, and its application in studying the dynamical photoresponse of organic solar cells.
研究成果
The study demonstrates the validity of the pp-KPFM implementation for time-resolved measurements and its application in studying the photoresponse of organic solar cells. The SPV dynamics are found to be dominated by trap-release processes, and the technique shows promise for further developments to achieve ns-resolved measurements.
研究不足
The temporal resolution is limited by the probe-time window, and the signal-to-noise ratio decreases when switching from KPFM to pp-KPFM. The technique is also susceptible to topographic artefacts and requires careful setup stabilization.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employs pump–probe Kelvin probe force microscopy (pp-KPFM) in open z-loop configuration for time-resolved surface potential measurements.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Bulk heterojunction solar cells based on PTB7 and PC71BM are used as test samples.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Noncontact AFM (nc-AFM) under ultrahigh vacuum (UHV), Pt/Ir-coated silicon cantilevers, lock-in amplifier, arbitrary waveform generator (AWG), fiber-coupled PhoxXplus laser module.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The setup switches from standard KPFM to pp-KPFM with an open z-loop for spectroscopic acquisition.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The data are analyzed by modeling the SPV decay with a stretched exponential function and integrating over the probe-time window.
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