研究目的
To address the mismatched indium tin oxide (ITO)/perovskite interface energy levels in electron transport layer–free perovskite solar cells (ETL-free PSCs) by introducing a polar nonconjugated small-molecule modifier to lower the work function of ITO and optimize interface energy level alignment.
研究成果
The introduction of a polar nonconjugated small-molecule modifier significantly improves the performance of ETL-free PSCs by optimizing the ITO/perovskite interface energy levels. This results in a record-breaking power conversion efficiency of 20.55%, enhanced stability, and reduced hysteresis effect. The study demonstrates the potential of interface electronic structure engineering for the development of highly efficient, flexible, and recyclable PSCs with simplified design and low cost.
研究不足
The study focuses on the optimization of the ITO/perovskite interface and does not explore the effects of other interfaces or materials in the PSC structure. The scalability and long-term stability of the modified devices under real-world conditions are not fully addressed.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employs a polar nonconjugated small-molecule modifier to optimize the ITO/perovskite interface energy levels. The methodology includes photoemission spectroscopy and Kelvin probe force microscopy measurements to verify the optimization.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The samples include ITO-coated glass substrates and perovskite films. The data sources are derived from measurements of these samples under various conditions.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The materials include ITO-coated glass substrates, MSAPBS, perovskite precursors, and various solvents. The equipment includes a solar simulator, profilometer, SEM, AFM, KPFM, XPS, UPS, and XRD.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The procedure involves the fabrication of ETL-free PSCs with and without the MSAPBS modifier, followed by characterization of their photovoltaic properties.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The analysis includes the evaluation of photovoltaic parameters such as Voc, Jsc, FF, and PCE, as well as the analysis of interface energy levels and charge transfer properties.
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XRD
Bruker D8 Advanced
Bruker
Used to perform XRD measurement.
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UV-vis absorption spectrometer
Lambda 950
Perkin-Elmer
Used to take UV-vis absorption spectrum.
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SEM
Verios G4 UC
Thermo Scientific
Used to measure the surface topography and EDS.
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ITO-coated glass substrates
Ying Kou You Xuan Trade Co. Ltd., China
Used as the substrate for perovskite solar cells.
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MSAPBS
Used as a polar nonconjugated small-molecule modifier to lower the work function of ITO and optimize interface energy level alignment.
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Perovskite precursors
Xi’an Polymer Light Technology Corp, China
Used to fabricate the perovskite absorber layer.
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Spiro-MeOTAD
Ningbo Borun New Material Technology Co., Ltd.
Used as the hole transport layer.
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Li-TFSI
Acros
Used as an additive in the hole transport layer.
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4-tert-butylpyridine
Sigma-Aldrich
Used as an additive in the hole transport layer.
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Solar simulator
Newport-Oriel Sol3A 450 W
Newport
Used to simulate AM1.5 solar illumination for testing the solar cells.
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Profilometer
Dektak 150 Vecco
Vecco
Used to measure the thickness of different layers.
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AFM
Dimension 3100
Vecco
Used to take AFM and KPFM images.
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XPS
Shimadzu Corporation, Axis Ultra DLD
Used to investigate the surface composition of the modified ITOs.
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UPS
Shimadzu Corporation, Axis Ultra DLD
Used to determine the energy level alignment of ITO and perovskite before and after modification.
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Fluorimeter
Horiba Fluorolog FL3-111
Horiba
Used to acquire steady-state PL and TRPL spectra.
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