研究目的
The goal of this paper is to explore the potential for improvements to calibration and their impacts on a remote sensing data product, water depth, using data from the HySpex VNIR-1600 sensor for illustration.
研究成果
The study demonstrates that thorough laboratory measurements and improved sensor models can significantly improve the calibration of hyperspectral sensors. The most relevant effect for refined calibration is stray light, which introduces wavelength-dependent errors in the derived reflectance spectra. The improvements in calibration lead to a reduction in the systematic error of water depth by 19% from Secchi depth to three times Secchi depth. The study highlights the importance of accurate calibration and modeling to minimize error propagation between fit parameters.
研究不足
The study is limited to the use of a specific hyperspectral sensor (NEO HySpex VNIR-1600) and a specific application (bathymetry mapping). The improvements in calibration are time-consuming and require sophisticated calibration facilities. The benefits for other applications or sensors are not explored.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves the use of a NEO HySpex VNIR-1600 sensor for bathymetry mapping, with improvements based on measurements of sensor properties not covered by the manufacturer, including detector nonlinearity and stray light. Corrections for nonlinearity, stray light, spectral smile distortion, and nonuniform spectral bandwidth are implemented. The radiometric calibration is based on a SI-traceable radiance standard.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Bathymetry is retrieved from a data take from the lake Starnberg using WASI-2D. The results using the original and improved calibration procedures are compared with ground reference data.
3：2D. The results using the original and improved calibration procedures are compared with ground reference data.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: NEO HySpex VNIR-1600 sensor, WASI-2D software, SI-traceable radiance standard, integrating sphere, pulsed laser for advanced characterization of spectroradiometers (PLACOS) setup.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The sensor is characterized in terms of spectral response, nonlinearity, stray light, and radiometric response. The impact of different calibration procedures on the derived bathymetry map is studied.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The derived bathymetry maps are compared with echo-sounding measurements to validate the results. Sensitivity analysis is performed to understand the propagation of calibration uncertainties toward water depth errors.
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