研究目的
To synthesize size-controlled gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) without the use of capping or reducing agents by utilizing ultrafine bubbles (UFBs) and pulsed ultrasound.
研究成果
Size control of AuNPs in the absence of surfactants and reducing agents was successful through optimization of the number of UFBs and the pulsed ultrasound conditions. The use of Air-UFBs and pulsed ultrasound significantly decreased the mean diameter of the AuNPs and improved their colloidal stability.
研究不足
The study focuses on the synthesis of AuNPs without capping or reducing agents, which may limit the applicability in scenarios where such agents are necessary for specific nanoparticle properties or functionalities. The mechanism responsible for the stability of UFBs is unclear, which could affect the reproducibility and scalability of the method.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection
AuNPs were synthesized by ultrasonic irradiation of HAuCl4 aqueous solutions with the aid of UFBs. The effects of UFB concentration, the gas used to generate UFBs, and pulsed ultrasound conditions on the particle size and colloid stability of the AuNPs were examined.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources
Samples were prepared from HAuCl4 and water containing UFBs. The initial concentration of HAuCl4 was 0.1 mM. Ultrapure water was used, and water containing UFBs was prepared by a pressurized dissolution method.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials
HAuCl4 (Wako, Japan), Ultrapure water (Millipore), Nanoparticle tracking method (NanoSight, Malvern), Plate-type transducer (PZT, Honda Electronics, Japan), Power amplifier (1040L, ENI, USA), Signal generator (1943, NF, Japan), Oscilloscope (TDS3014B, Tektronix, USA), Current probe (TCP202, Tektronix, USA), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (UV-1850, Shimadzu, Japan), Scanning electron microscope (JEOL, Japan).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow
A sample in a glass vessel was indirectly irradiated with ultrasound. The sample volume was 50 mL. The ultrasonic power was 10 W, and the sample temperature was 283 K. After 10 min of ultrasonic irradiation, the synthesized AuNPs were analyzed.
5：Data Analysis Methods
The synthesized AuNPs were characterized by UV-Vis spectrophotometry and scanning electron microscopy. More than 300 particles were counted and measured to obtain the size and shape distributions of the AuNPs.
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Oscilloscope
TDS3014B
Tektronix
Used to measure the transducer voltage.
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Current probe
TCP202
Tektronix
Used to measure the current of the transducer.
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UV-Vis spectrophotometer
UV-1850
Shimadzu
Used to analyze the synthesized AuNPs.
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Nanoparticle tracking method
NanoSight
Malvern
Used to measure the number concentration of UFBs.
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HAuCl4
Wako
Used as the gold salt for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles.
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Ultrapure water
Elix-UV20 and Milli-Q Advantage
Millipore
Used as the solvent for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles.
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Plate-type transducer
PZT
Honda Electronics
Used to generate ultrasound for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles.
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Power amplifier
1040L
ENI
Used to drive the plate-type transducer.
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Signal generator
1943
NF
Used to generate the signal for the power amplifier.
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Scanning electron microscope
JEOL
Used to characterize the synthesized AuNPs.
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