研究目的
Investigating the vulnerability of optical attenuators in quantum key distribution systems to high-power laser attacks.
研究成果
The study demonstrates that high-power laser attacks can permanently decrease the attenuation of certain optical attenuators used in QKD systems, potentially compromising the security of the key distribution. This highlights the need for countermeasures against such attacks.
研究不足
The study is limited by the maximum power of the EDFA (9 W), which may not be sufficient to damage all types of attenuators. The experimental setup does not fully replicate all possible real-world conditions.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study mimics a hacking scenario for a running QKD system, using a test laser and an erbium-ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier to apply high power to optical attenuators.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Four types of optical attenuators from different QKD systems are tested.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Includes a fiber-pigtailed 1550-nm laser diode, power meters, fiber beamsplitters, and an EDFA.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
High power is applied starting at 316 mW, increasing until a change in attenuation is detected or the maximum power is reached.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Attenuation changes are measured before and after high-power exposure to determine the effect of laser damage.
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fiber beamsplitter
10202A-99-FC
Thorlabs
Directs the high-power laser to the optical attenuator.
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laser diode
AA1406
Gooch & Housego
Acts as the laser in the source, providing 5-mW cw light to measure the attenuation of the optical attenuator under test.
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power meter
PM200 with S154C sensor
Thorlabs
Checks the attenuation of the optical attenuator before and after optical damage.
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fiber-pigtailed laser diode
QFBGLD-1550-100
QPhotonics
Used as a seed source for the EDFA.
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power meter
PM200 with S146C sensor
Thorlabs
Measures the optical power at the EDFA’s output.
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power meter
JW3208
Joinwit
Monitors the power of the test laser.
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erbium-ytterbium-doped fiber amplifier
QGLex
Provides up to 9-W cw power, which is applied to the optical attenuator.
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