研究目的
Investigating the pulsed laser deposition process of BiVO4 photoelectrodes for solar water splitting, focusing on deviations from an ideal stoichiometric target-to-substrate material transfer and exploring alternative preparation routes.
研究成果
The study provides important insights into the PLD process of BiVO4 photoelectrodes, demonstrating that careful tuning of process parameters can achieve stoichiometric films with high photoelectrochemical performance. The alternating ablation of Bi2O3 and V2O5 targets offers an effective alternative for controlling cation stoichiometry. These findings contribute to the development of efficient multinary metal oxide photoelectrodes for solar water splitting.
研究不足
The study is limited by the technical constraints of the PLD process, including the need for careful tuning of process parameters to achieve stoichiometric films and the potential for preferential ablation of volatile elements. The application of the findings is constrained by the specific conditions under which the films were prepared and tested.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
BiVO4 thin films were prepared by pulsed laser deposition in a custom-built system equipped with a 248 nm KrF-excimer laser. Two approaches were used: (i) ablation of a single-phase BiVO4 target and (ii) alternating ablation of commercial Bi2O3 and V2O5 targets. The BiVO4 target was prepared by mixing Bi2O3 and V2O5 powders, milling, pressing into a pellet, and sintering.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Films were deposited on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass, glassy carbon, and quartz glass substrates.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Custom-built PLD system, KrF-excimer laser, Bi2O3 and V2O5 targets, FTO substrates, quartz crystal microbalance (QCM), Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), time-resolved microwave conductivity (TRMC) measurements, photoelectrochemical cell.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Depositions were performed after pre-ablation of the target until a constant deposition rate was achieved. Substrates were cleaned and positioned off-axis. The thickness of the films was adjusted by the total number of laser pulses.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
RBS spectra were analyzed with the SIMNRA software. XRD patterns were recorded using a Bruker D8 diffractometer. TRMC measurements were performed to investigate charge transport properties.
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