1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

Three bipolar phenanthroimidazole derivatives were synthesized and their photophysical, thermal, and electrochemical properties were investigated. Single-carrier devices and non-doped fluorescent OLEDs were fabricated to evaluate their performance.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

The compounds MePPIM-TPA, ClPPIM-TPA, and BuPPIM-TPA were synthesized and characterized.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Instruments included a Yanaco micro melting point apparatus, Nicolet 6700 infrared spectrometer, Bruker 400 MHz spectrometer, Agilent Technologies 6545 Q-TOF LCMS spectrometer, Varian Cary 60 spectrophotometer, Hitachi F-7000 fluorescence spectrophotometer, Mettler Toledo TGA/DSC1 thermal analysis system, Mettler Toledo DSC3 instrument, and CHI660C Electrochemical Workstation.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

The synthesis involved heating a mixture of 9,10-phenanthrenequinone, 4-(diphenylamino)benzaldehyde, substituted benzenamine, and ammonium acetate in ethanol. OLED devices were fabricated on ITO glass substrates with organic layers deposited via thermal evaporation.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

UV-Vis absorption and fluorescence emission spectra were recorded, and thermal properties were evaluated by TGA and DSC. Electrochemical properties were assessed via cyclic voltammetry.