研究目的
To propose a material characterization of all the tubular and bulb LED lamp components for a recycling perspective, aiming to improve the efficiency of recycling routes by understanding the distribution of materials within the lamps.
研究成果
The research characterized all components of LED lamps, providing support information to discuss recycling routes, target materials, and components. It emphasized the importance of segregating and characterizing all components to improve recycling efficiency. The study found that LED lamps contain valuable materials with concentrations higher than natural ores, suggesting significant potential for economic recovery through recycling.
研究不足
The study highlights the technical challenges in recycling complex e-wastes like LED lamps, including the loss of certain materials during recycling processes and the need for more efficient recycling technologies for materials like gallium and rare earth elements.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved manual disassembling of LED lamps into components (carcass, LEDs, printed circuit board, and LED module) followed by material characterization. Polymers were characterized by infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and metals by X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and acid leaching followed by ICP-OES analysis.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Three brands of end-of-life (EOL) tubular LED lamps and three brands of EOL bulb LED lamps were randomly selected for the study.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment used includes a Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) for polymer characterization, X-ray fluorescence (XRF) for metal characterization, and ICP-OES for analysis after acid leaching.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The lamps were manually opened to separate components. Polymers and metals from carcasses were characterized separately. LED modules, PCBs, and LEDs were milled or crushed, then characterized through acid digestion followed by ICP-OES analysis.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
The concentration of materials was analyzed and compared with natural ores. Economic values of recovered materials were calculated based on current metal prices.
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