研究目的
To demonstrate the feasibility and robustness of the Measurement-Device-Independent Quantum Key Distribution (MDIQKD) protocol in an unstable field environment and to achieve a higher secure key rate than previous demonstrations.
研究成果
The field test successfully demonstrated the feasibility and robustness of the MDIQKD protocol in an unstable environment, achieving a secure key rate of 16.9 b/s. This lays the foundation for a global quantum network immune to detection-side attacks.
研究不足
The experiment faced challenges such as polarization mode dispersion and timing jitter due to the unstable field environment. The system required frequent calibration to maintain performance, and the secure key rate, while improved, may still be limited for some practical applications.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection
The experiment was designed to test the MDIQKD protocol in a field environment using an automatic feedback system to maintain system performance. The methodology included the use of decoy-state MDIQKD operated at a clock rate of 75 MHz and a superconducting nanowire single photon detector (SNSPD) system.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources
The field test was conducted over a deployed fiber network of 30 km total length, with links of 25 km and 5 km. The signal laser pulses were transmitted through these links.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials
Equipment included internally modulated signal laser sources, AMZIs, AMs, PMs, EVOA, SNSPDs, PDs, COC, PDC, EPC, PBS, SPAPD, OSA, and TDC.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow
The experiment involved time, spectrum, and polarization calibration using automatic feedback systems. The QKD process was alternated with calibration procedures every half an hour to maintain system performance.
5：Data Analysis Methods
Data analysis involved the decoy-state method and finite-key analysis to estimate the secure key rate and error rates.
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Optical Spectrum Analyzer
AQ6370B
YOKOGAWA
Measurement of central wavelengths of laser sources with high precision.
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Superconducting Nanowire Single Photon Detector
SNSPD
Detection of single photons with high efficiency and low timing jitter.
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Time-to-Digital Converter
TDC
Recording the time between input detection events and start signals.
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Electric Polarization Controller
EPC
Control and stabilization of polarization modes.
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Polarization Beam Splitter
PBS
Splitting laser pulses based on polarization.
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Single-Photon Avalanche Photodiode
SPAPD
InGaAs/InP
Monitoring reflection port of PBS for polarization stabilization.
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Programmable Delay Chip
PDC
Adjusting time delay between synchronization laser pulses.
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Crystal Oscillator Circuit
COC
Generating electric signals for synchronization.
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Wavelength Division Multiplexer
WDM
Multiplexing synchronization and phase-stabilization lasers with signal lasers.
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Electrical Variable Optical Attenuator
EVOA
Attenuating laser output intensity to single photon level.
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