研究目的
To overview the achievements of high-speed APDs for 100-Gbit/s optical communications, focusing on III-V material systems, and describe the outlook for APDs in future optical communications.
研究成果
The paper concludes that APDs, particularly those based on III-V material systems, are capable of high-speed operation for 100-Gbit/s optical communications. It suggests that APDs could serve as alternatives to pin-PDs in certain transmission ranges and highlights the importance of boosting the speed of APDs while maintaining high responsivity and low dark current for future applications.
研究不足
The study acknowledges the challenges in increasing the sensitivity in high-speed operation and the limitations imposed by the noise from electrical circuits in high-bitrate applications. It also notes the potential for APDs to replace pin-PDs in certain transmission ranges but highlights the need for further development to overcome current limitations.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The paper discusses the design considerations of APDs for optical communications and notable designs for state-of-the-art high-speed applications. It focuses on III-V material systems for their advantages in band engineering.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The study involves fabricated APDs with specific structures and materials, including a hybrid absorber (p-type InGaAs and undoped InGaAs) and an InAlAs avalanche layer.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The APD structure includes layers such as p-type contact layer, hybrid absorber, InAlGaAs gap grading layer, p-type field control layer, InAlAs avalanche layer, n-type field control layer, edge-field buffer layer, and n-type contact layer.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The APDs were tested for frequency characteristics and receiver characteristics with a 106-Gbit/s PAM4 optical signal at a wavelength of 1.3 μm.
5：3 μm.
Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: The performance of the APDs was evaluated based on bandwidth, gain, and receiver sensitivity, with calculations considering the operating bandwidth, excess noise of the APD, and noise components from other components.
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