研究目的
To design and develop a novel pedestrian counting system using PIR sensors that also enables environmental monitoring for smart city applications.
研究成果
The developed sensor node is an energy-efficient, cost-effective compact system providing all the necessary features essential for a smart city application, with over 90% accuracy in pedestrian counting.
研究不足
The system cannot detect humans with a height less than 1 m, such as babies sleeping in strollers.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The system uses PIR sensors for pedestrian counting and an environmental combo sensor for monitoring environmental parameters. The FoV of the Fresnel lens is tuned to differentiate between humans and animals.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The system is tested in real-world conditions at Macquarie University.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
PIR sensors, environmental combo sensor (Qwiic CCS811/BME280), Arduino UNO microcontroller, LoRa shield, rechargeable battery, solar panel.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The system counts pedestrians and monitors environmental parameters, transmitting data to the Thingspeak server via LoRaWAN.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The system's accuracy is validated against manual counting, achieving over 90% accuracy.
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PIR sensor module
Used for pedestrian counting by detecting infrared radiation from humans or animals.
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Environmental combo sensor
Qwiic CCS811/BME280
Monitors environmental parameters such as temperature, humidity, pressure, CO2, and TVOC.
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Arduino UNO microcontroller
Arduino
Controls the system and processes data from the sensors.
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LoRa shield
Enables long-range communication with the Thingspeak server.
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Rechargeable battery
6000 mAh
Powers the system, charged by a solar panel.
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Solar panel
6V
Charges the rechargeable battery during the day.
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