研究目的
Investigating the synergistic effect of substituent groups on the properties of acceptor–acceptor conjugated polymers for solar cell applications.
研究成果
The introduction of two fluorine atoms significantly improves the power conversion efficiency of PSCs, while the synergistic effect between fluorine atoms and alkyl chains can detrimentally affect performance. The study underscores the importance of the conjugation level of the polymer backbone in determining PSCs performance.
研究不足
The study highlights the limitations in improving PSCs performance through the synergistic effect of fluorine atoms and alkyl chains, indicating that this approach does not always yield positive results.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved the synthesis of three acceptor–acceptor conjugated copolymers using palladium-catalyzed Stille coupling condensation polymerization assisted with microwave. The polymers were characterized and used to fabricate polymer solar cells (PSCs).
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The monomers M1, M2, and M3 were purchased from Derthon Optoelectronic Materials Science Technology Co. Ltd., and PC71BM was bought from Solarmer.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The synthesis and characterization utilized a microwave reactor, GPC, NMR spectrometer, FT-IR spectrometer, UV–visible spectrophotometer, thermogravimetric analyzer, cyclic voltammetry setup, and AFM.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The polymers were synthesized, purified, and characterized. PSCs were fabricated with a specific device structure and their performance was evaluated.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The data were analyzed using software like Nuts for NMR, Origin for plotting and analyzing spectra, and Gaussian 09 for DFT calculations.
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Keithley 4200
4200
Keithley
Used for measuring current density–voltage curves under illumination.
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Bruker DRX 400
DRX 400
Bruker
Used for 1H NMR spectrum analysis.
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Agilent Technologies 1,200 series gel permeation chromatography
1,200 series
Agilent Technologies
Used for determining the molecular weight of the polymers.
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Hitachi UV2900 spectrophotometer
UV2900
Hitachi
Used for UV–visible absorption spectra analysis.
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CHI 600B analyzer
600B
CHI
Used for cyclic voltammetry analysis.
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Bruker D8 Advance X-ray diffractometer
D8 Advance
Bruker
Used for X-ray diffraction analysis.
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PC71BM
Solarmer
Used as the electron acceptor in the fabrication of polymer solar cells.
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Tensor27 spectrometer
Tensor27
Used for FT-IR spectra analysis.
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TA 2000 thermogravimetric analyzer
2000
TA
Used for thermal stability determination.
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Biotage initiator V 2.3
initiator V 2.3
Biotage
Used for microwave experiments.
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MFP-3D-BIO
MFP-3D-BIO
Asylum Research
Used for atomic force microscopy analysis.
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CHF-XM35
XM35
Beijing Trusttech Co. Ltd.
Used as a light source integrated with a Xe lamp for solar simulation.
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