研究目的
To develop potentially cheaper solar cells based on thin-film technology, proposing mesoscopic dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) as the third-generation solar cells over the past three decades in part due to their sustainable and eco-friendly advantages such as their simplicity, low-cost fabrication procedures, flexibility, respectable power conversion efficiency (PCE), and environmentally friendly nature.
研究成果
The successful preparation of several aniline or nitrobenzene doped reduced graphene oxide composites (AN-rGO or NB-rGO) with different mass ratios between AN or NB and rGO of 1:30, 1:20, and 1:10 by using a molecule doping strategy is reported. The cells assembled with AN-rGO (1:10) or NB-rGO (1:10) CE in I3?/I? solution exhibited a 40–50% superior performance than rGO. Moreover, these rGO sheets supported AN or NB hybrid structured CEs with the mass ratio of 1:10 have also shown the best performing devices based [Co(bpy)3]3+/2+ mediator, which are 30–35% of rGO based DSSC.
研究不足
The technical and application constraints of the experiments include the irreversible aggregation due to strong π–π stacking and Van der Waals forces among interlayers as well as a limited number of edge electrochemically active sites for I3? reduction of graphene sheets can substantially prevent electron transport and I3?/I? ion transfer leading to an increase in internal and diffusion resistances of the redox species as well as a lack of electrocatalytic activity for tri-iodide reduction.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection
The methodology involves the synthesis of nitrobenzene or aniline doped reduced graphene oxide (NB-rGO or AN-rGO) by a molecule doping strategy. The overall experimental design rationale includes the use of small molecules of aniline (AN) and nitrobenzene (NB) doped on reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rGO) as Pt-free and earth abundant counter electrodes (CEs) in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs).
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources
Natural graphite flake (99.9%), valeronitrle (99%), and 4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (C6H4N3O2·BF4 97%) were bought from Alfa Aesar. Other materials were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Merck, Acros Oganic, and J.T. Baker.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials
Materials include natural graphite flake, valeronitrle, 4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate, sodium nitrate, sulfuric acid, potassium permanganate, hydrogen peroxide, hydrazine monohydrate, 4-tert-butylpyridine, nafion perfluorinated resin solution, lithium perchlorate, chloroplatinic acid hydrate, aniline, tetrabutylammonium iodide, lithium iodide, iodine, 1,3-dimethylimidazolium, dodecyl sulfate sodium salt, ethanol, and acetonitrile.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow
Graphene oxide (GO) was synthesized from natural graphite flake by Hummers method. The obtained GO precipitate was reduced with hydrazine hydrate to form rGO sheets. The NB-rGO or AN-rGO was acquired by dispersing sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) into the rGO and then adding the aqueous solution of 4-nitrobenzenediazonium tetrafluoroborate (4-NBD) or aniline (AN) with different mass ratio to rGO (1:10, 1:20, and 1:30).
5：Data Analysis Methods
The combination of AN or NB and rGO was studied through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The electrocatalytic activities towards the tri-iodide reduction process of rGO, AN-rGO, and NB-rGO CEs were evaluated by conducting the CV at a scan rate of 100 mV s?1 in acetonitrile solution containing I?/I3? redox couple from ?2 to 2 V.
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