研究目的
To develop a high-efficiency monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cell with a high band gap perovskite absorber that overcomes the theoretical efficiency limit of silicon solar cells.
研究成果
The study achieved a certified efficiency of 25.1% for a monolithic perovskite silicon tandem solar cell with a high band gap perovskite absorber. The efficiency improved over time, showing the robustness of the absorber. The potential for over 30% efficiency was identified with further optimizations in charge transport materials and anti-reflection measures.
研究不足
The study identifies limitations related to the perovskite/C60 interface on the VOC of the top cell and reflection losses. The efficiency potential is not fully exploited due to unsuited charge transport layers and reflection losses.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study combines a silicon heterojunction bottom cell with a perovskite top cell in a planar p-i-n tandem configuration. The perovskite composition FA
2：75Cs25Pb(I8Br2)3 with a band gap of 68 eV was used. The molarity of the perovskite precursor solution was varied to optimize the absorber thickness and performance. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Silicon wafers (Siltronic, p-type, float zone) were used for the bottom cell. The perovskite top cell was fabricated using low-temperature processes.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes a Schottky emission scanning electron microscope (Zeiss, Auriga 60), a Lambda 950 spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer), and a Bruker Dimension Edge AFM. Materials include PTAA, PFN-Br, C60, SnOx, and ITO.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The silicon bottom cell was fabricated with a pyramidal texture and amorphous silicon passivation layers. The perovskite top cell was spin-coated and annealed, followed by deposition of charge transport layers and electrodes.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Current-voltage characteristics were measured using LED and xenon lamp sun simulators. Spectral response and photoluminescence quantum yield were analyzed to assess performance.
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Spectrophotometer
Lambda 950
Perkin Elmer
Used for reflectance and transmittance measurements of the solar cells.
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Atomic Force Microscope
Dimension Edge
Bruker
Used to measure the surface roughness of perovskite layers.
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DC sputtering system
Oxford Instruments cluster tool
Oxford Instruments
Used for depositing ITO layers.
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Atomic layer deposition (ALD) system
FlexAL
Oxford Instruments
Used for depositing SnOx buffer layers.
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Schottky emission scanning electron microscope
Auriga 60
Zeiss
Used for imaging the cross-section and top view of solar cells to analyze layer thickness and quality.
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LED sun simulator
Sinus-220
Wavelabs
Used for current-voltage characterization of solar cells.
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Xenon lamp sun simulator
Used for current-voltage characterization of perovskite single junction solar cells.
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UV/Ozone Cleaner
Plus
Bioforce Nanosciences
Used for cleaning substrates before deposition.
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Plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) system
Indeotec cluster tool
Used for depositing amorphous silicon passivation layers.
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