摘要： Objective To access the surgical and oncological outcomes of simultaneous thulium laser enucleation of bladder tumor (ThuLEBT) and thulium laser enucleation of prostate (ThuLEP) in patients with non-muscle invasive bladder tumor (NMIBC) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). Patients and methods Between June 2009 and June 2017, 118 men with NMIBC who underwent simultaneous ThuLEBT and ThuLEP and fulfilled the inclusion criteria were matched with 118 patients who received ThuLEBT alone. Clinico-pathological parameters, surgical outcome data and oncological outcomes were retrospectively analyzed and compared. Results The patients who underwent simultaneous ThuLEBT and ThuLEP experienced a longer length of operation time (70.4 vs. 25.5 min; p < 0.001), but there were no statistically significant differences in catheterization period, hospital stay and complication between the two groups. At a mean follow-up of 58.7 and 55.8 months in ThuLEBT/ThuLEP group and ThuLEBT group, no significant differences in overall recurrence rates, progression rates, recurrence in the bladder neck/prostatic fossa and mean elapsed time to recurrence were detected. The 5-year recurrence-free probability was 73.2% for ThuLEBT/ThuLEP and 69.2% for ThuLEBT (p = 0.361). Conclusions Our results indicate that simultaneous ThuLEBT and ThuLEP can be safely performed without increasing the surgical risk and the risk of tumor recurrence and progression in patients with NMIBC and BPH, and it may be preferred alternative for select patients.