摘要： Under the condition of inhomogeneous total internal reflection illumination, a novel approach based on machine learning is proposed to solve the problem of damage online inspection in large-aperture final optics. The damage online inspection mainly includes three problems: automatic classification of true and false laser-induced damage (LID), automatic classification of input and exit surface LID and size measurement of the LID. We first use the local area signal-to-noise ratio (LASNR) algorithm to segment all the candidate sites in the image, then use kernel-based extreme learning machine (K-ELM) to distinguish the true and false damage sites from the candidate sites, propose autoencoder-based extreme learning machine (A-ELM) to distinguish the input and exit surface damage sites from the true damage sites, and finally propose hierarchical kernel extreme learning machine (HK-ELM) to predict the damage size. The experimental results show that the method proposed in this paper has a better performance than traditional methods. The accuracy rate is 97.46% in the classification of true and false damage; the accuracy rate is 97.66% in the classification of input and exit surface damage; the mean relative error of the predicted size is within 10%. So the proposed method meets the technical requirements for the damage online inspection.