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Energy scheduling of a smart microgrid with shared photovoltaic panels and storage: The case of the Ballen marina in Sams??

DOI:10.1016/j.energy.2020.117188 期刊:Energy 出版年份:2020 更新时间:2025-09-23 15:21:01
摘要: This paper focuses on the Model Predictive Control (MPC) based energy scheduling of a smart microgrid equipped with non-controllable (i.e., with fixed power profile) and controllable (i.e., with flexible and programmable operation) electrical appliances, as well as photovoltaic (PV) panels, and a battery energy storage system (BESS). The proposed control strategy aims at a simultaneous optimal planning of the controllable loads, the shared resources (i.e., the storage system charge/discharge and renewable energy usage), and the energy exchange with the grid. The control scheme relies on an iterative finite horizon on-line optimization, implementing a mixed integer linear programming energy scheduling algorithm to maximize the self-supply with solar energy and/or minimize the daily cost of energy bought from the grid under time-varying energy pricing. At each time step, the resulting optimization problem is solved providing the optimal operations of controllable loads, the optimal amount of energy to be bought/sold from/to the grid, and the optimal charging/discharging profile for the BESS. The proposed energy scheduling approach is applied to the demand side management control of the marina of Ballen, Sams? (Denmark), where a smart microgrid is currently being implemented as a demonstrator in the Horizon2020 European research project SMILE. Simulations considering the marina electric consumption (340 boat sockets, a service building equipped with a sauna and a wastewater pumping station, and the harbour master’s office equipped with a heat pump), PV production (60kWp), and the BESS (237 kWh capacity) based on a public real dataset are carried out on a one year time series with a 1 h resolution. Simulations indicate that the proposed approach allows 90% exploitation of the production of the PV plant. Furthermore, results are compared to a na?ve control approach. The MPC based energy scheduling improves the self-supply by 1.6% compared to the na?ve control. Optimization of the business economy using the MPC approach, instead, yields to 8.2% savings in the yearly energy cost with respect to the na?ve approach.
作者: Raffaele Carli,Sarah Ben Othman,Mariagrazia Dotoli,Jan Jantzen,Michael Kristensen
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Investigating the Model Predictive Control (MPC) based energy scheduling of a smart microgrid equipped with non-controllable and controllable electrical appliances, as well as photovoltaic (PV) panels, and a battery energy storage system (BESS) to maximize the self-supply with solar energy and/or minimize the daily cost of energy bought from the grid under time-varying energy pricing.

The proposed MPC strategy leads to optimal load shifting and storage charging/discharging, achieving a better matching of demand and supply, raising energy efficiency, and improving grid reliability. The MPC based energy scheduling improves the self-supply by 1.6% compared to the na?ve control and yields to 8.2% savings in the yearly energy cost with respect to the na?ve approach.

The study is limited to a specific case study (the marina of Ballen, Sams?) and may not be directly applicable to other contexts without adaptation. The performance of the proposed control algorithms is assessed on a limited period of time, and the potential of scheduling algorithms requires to be extended on larger time windows of analysis.

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