研究目的
To develop a flexible and printed sensor array for determining oxygen saturation in blood using reflected light from tissue, enabling 2D oxygenation mapping beyond conventional sensing locations.
研究成果
The flexible reflectance oximeter array demonstrates the ability to measure oxygen saturation with high accuracy and create 2D oxygenation maps, offering potential applications in medical sensing for monitoring chronic conditions and postsurgery recovery.
研究不足
The study is limited by the need for further optimization of the sensor design for scaling down the pixel-to-pixel spacing and reducing the array size while maintaining signal quality. Additionally, the sensor's performance under varying skin types and conditions needs further investigation.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employs a flexible and printed sensor array composed of organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) and organic photodiodes (OPDs) for reflectance oximetry. Mathematical models are presented for determining oxygenation in the presence and absence of a pulsatile arterial blood signal.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Human volunteers are used to test the sensor array under normal and ischemic conditions induced by a pressure cuff.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The sensor array includes red (612 nm) and NIR (725 nm) OLEDs and OPDs fabricated on flexible plastic substrates using printing techniques such as blade coating and screen printing.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The sensor array is placed on the forehead and forearm to measure oxygen saturation and create 2D oxygenation maps. Data are collected under varying oxygen concentrations and pressure-cuff–induced ischemia.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
A modified Beer-Lambert's law and empirical corrections are used to calculate oxygen saturation from the reflected light signals.
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poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate)
PEDOT:PSS
Heraeus
Used in the fabrication of OLED and OPD arrays.
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analog switches
ADG1608
Analog Devices
Used to select pixels in the array for data collection.
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organic light-emitting diodes
OLED
Cambridge Display Technology Limited
Used as light emitters in the reflectance oximeter array to illuminate tissue for oxygen saturation measurement.
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organic photodiodes
OPD
Cambridge Display Technology Limited
Used to collect the diffused reflected light from tissue for oxygen saturation measurement.
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polyethylene naphthalate
PEN
Substrate material for the OLED and OPD arrays.
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indium tin oxide
ITO
Patterned contacts for the OLED arrays.
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calcium/aluminum
Cathode material for the OLED arrays.
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UV curable epoxy
DELO Katiobond LP612
DELO
Used for encapsulating each OLED pixel.
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plastic film
PQA1
Used for encapsulating each OLED pixel.
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analog front end
AFE4490
Texas Instruments
Used to drive the OLEDs and read out the OPD signal in the control electronics.
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microcontroller
Arduino Due
Arduino
Controls the analog front end in the control electronics.
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flexible flat cable connectors
FFC
Interfaces the printed reflectance oximeter array with the control electronics.
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