研究目的
To propose a new model for device orientation based on experimental measurements and to evaluate its impact on the performance of optical wireless communication (OWC) systems, including the development of an orientation-based random waypoint (ORWP) mobility model.
研究成果
A new model for device orientation based on experimental measurements is proposed, showing that the PDF of the polar angle follows a Laplace distribution for static users and a Gaussian distribution for mobile users. The exact PDF of the cosine of the incidence angle is derived, and an approximation using the truncated Laplace distribution is proposed. The LOS channel gain statistics are calculated, and the random orientation of a UE is modeled as a random process. The influence of random orientation on received SNR of OWCs is evaluated. An orientation-based random waypoint mobility model is proposed, showing the importance of considering random orientation in system design and handover management.
研究不足
The study focuses on the effect of UE’s random orientation and does not consider the possible movements in the user’s hands that may change the distance d. Such random changes in the distance would be small compared to the average distance between the AP and the UE.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
An experiment was designed to study mobile users' behavior and to develop a statistical model for the orientation of mobile devices. Forty participants were asked to use their smartphones normally, creating 222 datasets for orientation. The orientation data was measured for both sitting and mobile users using the Physics Toolbox Sensor Suite application.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Participants were asked to use their cellphones in both portrait and landscape modes for one minute, performing activities such as browsing and watching streaming videos while sitting and walking.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The Physics Toolbox Sensor Suite application was used to measure instantaneous rotation angles (α, β, and γ).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Participants performed specified activities while sitting and walking along a straight corridor. The application ran in the background while participants performed activities requiring data connection.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The statistics of the azimuth and polar angles were measured based on the collected experimental data set. The similarity of measurement data with a particular distribution was evaluated using Kolmogorov-Smirnov distance (KSD), skewness, and kurtosis.
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