研究目的
To analyze the life cycle environmental impacts of a PV system in combination with a battery storage system using the specific case of a cloakroom and club building that is currently planned by the Office for Building Engineering of the City of Zurich.
研究成果
The installation of a PV system and a battery storage leads to a 10% to 17% reduction in greenhouse gas emissions compared with the full coverage of the electricity demand by the average Swiss supply mix. However, with the renewable electricity mix of the Zurich City Administration, the installation leads to higher environmental impacts of electricity consumed. Future increases in energy density, production optimisations, and second‐life batteries bear a significant potential to reduce the environmental impacts.
研究不足
The LCIs of storage systems with future and second‐life Li‐ion batteries required assumptions on key parameters such as the energy density and the life time, rendering the results more uncertain. The LCA of the yearly electricity consumption is based on a forecast consumption profile, which also introduces uncertainty.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study evaluates the environmental footprint of a PV system with multi‐crystalline silicon modules and current, future, and second‐life lithium‐ion batteries within the life cycle assessment of the building.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The electricity demand of the cloakroom and club building is projected at 106 MWh/a, with a distinctive evening peak caused by the floodlights of the surrounding soccer fields.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The PV system consists of 230 multi‐crystalline silicon framed PV modules with a maximum power output of 161 Wp/m
4:The battery storage systems include current, future, and second‐life lithium‐ion batteries. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The self‐consumption share of PV electricity is estimated for different scenarios, including the installation of a PV system only and a PV system complemented by a battery storage.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
The life cycle impact assessment results are shown using the indicator greenhouse gas emissions, with additional analyses using the indicators cumulative energy demand and total environmental impacts according to the Swiss ecological scarcity method.
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