研究目的
To develop an advanced eco-sustainable process for the management of end-of-life PV modules, focusing on the thermal removal of polymeric compounds to separate and recover valuable materials like Si, Ag, Cu, Al, and glass.
研究成果
The proposed two-step thermal process effectively removes polymeric compounds from end-of-life PV modules, enabling the recovery of valuable materials with minimal environmental impact. The process is optimized for energy efficiency and environmental sustainability.
研究不足
The study focuses on silicon-based PV modules and may not be directly applicable to other types of PV modules. The process requires further optimization for industrial-scale application.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection
A two-step thermal process was employed. The first step involved the removal of the rear polymeric layer without emitting dangerous fluorinated substances. The second step involved the complete removal of remaining polymers with low VOC emissions.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources
Samples were taken from a typical PV panel with polycrystalline silicon wafers. The panels were part of a PV system called Delphos, designed and realized by ENEA.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials
High temperature Lenton tubular furnace, quartz tube reactor, programmable temperature controller, type 'K' thermocouple, Drechsel bottles, gas sampling bag, gas chromatograph Thermo Fisher Scientific Trace 1300 with TCD and FID.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow
The thermal treatment experiments were performed at 500 °C, in atmosphere differing in oxygen and nitrogen concentration. The gas was supplied at a flow rate of 24 L/h, heated up to 500 °C at a rate of 450 °C/h, and held at this temperature for 1 h.
5:Data Analysis Methods
Elemental and gas chromatographic analysis were performed to determine the degradation products. The carbon material balance was performed to evaluate the treatment efficiency.
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gas chromatograph
Thermo Fisher Scientific Trace 1300
Thermo Fisher Scientific
Analysis of gaseous degradation products
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Lenton tubular furnace
Lenton
Source of heat for thermal treatment experiments
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quartz tube reactor
Reactor for thermal decomposition of EVA
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programmable temperature controller
Process temperature control
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type 'K' thermocouple
Temperature monitoring
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Drechsel bottles
Condensation of high-boiling products
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gas sampling bag
Collection of non-condensable volatiles
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Elementar Inductar EL Cube
Elementar Inductar EL Cube
Elementar
Elemental composition analysis of organic matrix
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