研究目的
To compare CO2 vertical profiles measured by a 1.6 μm differential absorption Lidar (DIAL) system and an aircraft in situ sensor over Tsukuba, Japan, and to validate the accuracy of the DIAL system for measuring vertical CO2 mixing ratio profiles.
研究成果
The 1.6 μm direct-detection CO2 DIAL system can measure vertical CO2 mixing ratio profiles with high accuracy in the lower troposphere. The average difference between the CO2 DIAL and aircraft sensor measurements was ?0.94 ± 1.91 ppm below 3 km and ?0.70 ± 1.98 ppm above 3 km, demonstrating the system's capability for accurate measurements.
研究不足
The study was limited by the air traffic control restrictions, which affected the lowest flight altitude of the aircraft. Additionally, the dynamic range limitation of the receiving system made it difficult to measure from near the ground to an altitude of 5 km.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study utilized a 1.6 μm DIAL system and an aircraft equipped with a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) for CO2 measurements. The DIAL system was designed to measure CO2 mixing ratio profiles with high accuracy in the lower troposphere.
2：6 μm DIAL system and an aircraft equipped with a cavity ring-down spectrometer (CRDS) for CO2 measurements. The DIAL system was designed to measure CO2 mixing ratio profiles with high accuracy in the lower troposphere.
Sample Selection and Data Sources:
2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Measurements were conducted over the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES) in Tsukuba, Japan, in January 2014. The aircraft performed spiral descent flights between 33,000 ft and 1600 ft.
3：The aircraft performed spiral descent flights between 33,000 ft and 1600 ft.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: The DIAL system included a 1.6 μm optical parametric generator (OPG)/optical parametric amplifier (OPA) transmitter, a near-infrared photomultiplier tube (PMT), and a narrowband interference filter. The aircraft was equipped with a CRDS sensor for CO2 and methane (CH4) measurements.
4：6 μm optical parametric generator (OPG)/optical parametric amplifier (OPA) transmitter, a near-infrared photomultiplier tube (PMT), and a narrowband interference filter. The aircraft was equipped with a CRDS sensor for CO2 and methane (CH4) measurements.
Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: The DIAL system obtained CO2 vertical mixing ratio profiles from 1.5 to 3.5 km altitude. The aircraft sensor measured CO2 mixing ratio from 0.5 to 4.0 km altitude. Data from both systems were compared to validate the DIAL measurements.
5：5 to 5 km altitude. The aircraft sensor measured CO2 mixing ratio from 5 to 0 km altitude. Data from both systems were compared to validate the DIAL measurements.
Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: The CO2 mixing ratio was calculated using the DIAL equation, and the relative error was determined based on Poisson statistics. The CRDS data were corrected for water vapor interference.
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