研究目的
To demonstrate geometric-phase magnetometry using the electronic spin associated with the nitrogen vacancy (NV) color center in diamond, resolving the 2π phase ambiguity and decoupling magnetic field range and sensitivity.
研究成果
Geometric-phase magnetometry using the NV spin in diamond avoids the trade-off between magnetic field sensitivity and maximum field range inherent in traditional dynamic-phase magnetometry. It enables a 400-fold enhancement in static magnetic field range at constant sensitivity and shows potential for improved sensitivity in the nonadiabatic regime. The technique is broadly applicable to precision measurements in various quantum systems.
研究不足
The study is limited by the coherence times of the NV spin and the need for precise control of the microwave driving system and magnetic field. The geometric-phase magnetometry protocol may require adjustment for AC field sensing.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employs a modified version of an experimental protocol ('Berry sequence') applied to a superconducting qubit, using the NV spin sensor in diamond. The protocol involves preparing the NV spin in a superposition state, applying a small signal field, and using off-resonant microwave driving to acquire a geometric phase.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The experiment uses a single NV color center in an electronic-grade single-crystal diamond chip, with NV centers preferentially oriented near the surface.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
A confocal scanning laser microscope, a three-axis motorized stage, an acousto-optic modulator, a diode-pumped solid-state laser, an oil-immersion objective, a single-mode fiber cable, a silicon avalanche photodetector, and a microwave driving system.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The NV spin is initialized and readout using laser pulses, and microwave pulses are used for coherent manipulation. The geometric phase is measured by varying the external magnetic field and observing the NV fluorescence signal.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
The data is analyzed by fitting the fluorescence signal to a model, extracting the oscillation period and slope to determine sensitivity and field range.
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silicon avalanche photodetector
SPCM-ARQH-12
Perkin Elmer
Detects the NV fluorescence signal for spin-state readout.
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arbitrary waveform generator
AWG5014C
Tektronix
Controls the Rabi frequency and microwave phase for NV spin manipulation.
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DC voltage controller
E3640A
Agilent
Provides the electric current for generating the external magnetic field.
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confocal scanning laser microscope
Used for geometric-phase magnetometry using single NV centers, allowing for precise manipulation and measurement of the NV spin states.
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three-axis motorized stage
Micos GmbH
Moves the diamond sample in three dimensions for precise positioning under the microscope.
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acousto-optic modulator
Isomet Corporation
Allows time-gating of the laser pulses for NV spin initialization and readout.
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diode-pumped solid-state laser
Changchun New Industries
Provides the 532 nm laser light for NV spin excitation and fluorescence measurement.
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oil-immersion objective
CFI Plan Fluor
Nikon
Focuses the laser pulses onto the NV center and collects the fluorescence signal.
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single-mode fiber cable
Thorlabs
Transmits the NV fluorescence signal to the photodetector.
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microwave amplifier
ZHL-16W-43-S+
Mini-circuits
Amplifies the microwave pulses for NV spin manipulation.
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