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Compositional correlation and polymorphism in BaF2-PrF3 thin films deposited using electron-beam evaporation

DOI:10.1016/j.tsf.2018.11.056 期刊:Thin Solid Films 出版年份:2019 更新时间:2025-09-04 15:30:14
摘要: Infrared low-index evaporation materials are essential in the broadband antire?ection coatings to reduce Fresnel re?ections on the surfaces of infrared optical components. Although the layers of praseodymium ?uoride (PrF3) show an excellent transparency and the lower refractive index n and extinction coe?cient k in the spectral range of thermal infrared, the tensile stress presented in the layers prohibits PrF3 from being used as infrared low-index coating materials. A practical solution to reduce stress is to directly evaporate the admixture of PrF3 with alkaline ?uorides, such as barium ?uoride (BaF2). However, due to the signi?cant di?erence of vapor pressures between PrF3 and BaF2, it is commonly di?cult to congruently deposit PrF3-BaF2 thin ?lms utilizing evaporating directly from a single source. Moreover, more details are unknown about the phase compositions of PrF3-BaF2 thin ?lms. In our investigation, BaF2-PrF3 thin ?lms were deposited using electron beam evaporation from the sintered ingots of PrF3 admixed with BaF2. The compositions of thin ?lms were characterized using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), the crystallographic structures were explored by X-ray-di?raction (XRD). It was revealed that the concentration of BaF2 in thin ?lms can be correlated to that in the admixtures. Moreover, in addition to PrF3 and BaF2, the phase compositions in thin ?lms include also secondary phases, such as PrOF, PrF4, Pr2F2, BaPrF6, and that of elemental Ba.
作者: Weixiang He,Weimin Zheng,Ping Xie,Bin Li,Xuwen Lv,Chao Jing,Dingquan Liu
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Investigating the compositional correlation and polymorphism in BaF2-PrF3 thin films deposited using electron-beam evaporation to address the challenges of using PrF3 as an infrared low-index coating material due to its tensile stress and the difficulty in congruently depositing PrF3-BaF2 thin films from a single source.

The concentrations of BaF2 in thin films can be correlated to the concentration ratios of BaF2 in the sintered ingots of admixtures, allowing for the deposition of BaF2-PrF3 thin films using electron beam evaporation from a single source. The addition of BaF2 into PrF3 eliminates oxygen-containing phases in the films. Further research is needed to assess the influence of secondary phases on stress and the films' reliability and stability.

The study is limited by the significant difference in vapor pressures between PrF3 and BaF2, making it difficult to congruently deposit PrF3-BaF2 thin films from a single source. Additionally, the influence of secondary phases on stress in thin films and the reliability and stability of the films require further investigation.

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