研究目的
To generate a high-purity 60 GHz millimeter-wave signal from a 10 GHz radio frequency local oscillator using an integrated nested dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulator without an optical filter, and to investigate its transmission performance in a radio-over-fiber system.
研究成果
The proposed scheme successfully generates a high-purity 60 GHz millimeter-wave signal from a 10 GHz RF LO using an integrated nested DD-MZM without an optical filter, with OSSR exceeding 29 dB and RFSSR of 25 dB. The simulation results align with theoretical predictions. The system shows robustness to minor deviations in parameters and good transmission performance up to 60 km, though power penalties occur due to dispersion. Future work should focus on eliminating bit walk-off effects by modulating data on one sideband.
研究不足
The study is based on simulation only, as the authors lack the actual integrated nested DD-MZM device in their lab. This limits the validation of real-world performance. Additionally, the generated signal may be affected by non-ideal factors such as deviations in extinction ratio, RF-driven voltage, and phase difference, which could degrade OSSR and RFSSR. The transmission performance is limited by bit walk-off effects due to fiber chromatic dispersion after 60 km.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The experiment is based on simulation using the OptiSystem platform. The design involves generating a frequency sextupling optical millimeter-wave signal by employing two commercially available dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulators (DD-MZMs) in a push–pull fashion without an optical filter. Theoretical analysis using Jacobi–Auger expansions and Bessel functions is employed to predict the output.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
No physical samples are used; the study is entirely simulation-based. Data is generated through the OptiSystem software.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
The simulation setup includes a laser diode (LD), radio frequency local oscillator (RF LO), dual-drive Mach–Zehnder modulators (DD-MZMs), optical splitter (OS), optical coupler (OC), erbium-doped fiber amplifier (EDFA), photodiode (PD), electrical phase shifter, standard single-mode fiber (SSMF), bandpass filter (BPF), lowpass filter (LPF), and bit error rate tester (BERT). Specific models and brands are not provided in the paper.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The lightwave from the LD is split into two beams by a 3 dB optical splitter. Each beam drives a sub-MZM (MZM1 and MZM2) biased at the minimum transmission point with RF LO signals having a phase difference of 3π/5. The outputs are combined using an optical coupler. An EDFA compensates for losses. The signal is transmitted over fiber, detected by a PD, filtered, and demodulated for analysis.
5：The outputs are combined using an optical coupler. An EDFA compensates for losses. The signal is transmitted over fiber, detected by a PD, filtered, and demodulated for analysis.
Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: Data is analyzed using the OptiSystem platform to measure optical and RF spectra, optical sideband suppression ratio (OSSR), RF spurious suppression ratio (RFSSR), eye diagrams, bit error rate (BER), and power penalties. Theoretical calculations are compared with simulation results.
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