研究目的
To develop a non-enzymatic zinc oxide thin film based electrochemical recyclable strip with device interface for quantitative detection of catechol in water.
研究成果
The developed non-enzymatic ZnO-based electrochemical strip sensor successfully detects catechol in water with a linear range up to 6 μM and quantitative detection from 0.1 to 12 ppm. It is recyclable and integrated with a readout meter for portable use, offering a cost-effective alternative to existing sensors. Future enhancements could involve using different materials to improve detection limits.
研究不足
The sensor's performance deteriorates at higher catechol concentrations (e.g., above 6 μM) due to interaction between basic ZnO and acidic catechol, requiring recycling via HCl treatment. The detection limit for lower concentrations (e.g., 0.1 ppm) has higher variability (RSD ~19%). The fabrication, while cost-effective, may not match the sensitivity of some existing sensors that use standard electrodes like GCE, Pt, or Ag/AgCl.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study employs a simple technique to prepare a three-electrode platform on a single fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) conducting glass substrate. Zinc oxide (ZnO) thin film is deposited using a wet chemical process (dip coating) to create the working electrode (WE), with bare FTO used as counter (CE) and reference (RE) electrodes. Electrochemical methods such as cyclic voltammetry (CV), amperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are used to characterize and test the sensor.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Commercial FTO-coated glass substrates (2 cm × 2 cm) are used. Catechol solutions in phosphate buffer (pH ~7) with concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 12 ppm are prepared and tested.
3：1 to 12 ppm are prepared and tested. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes a dip coater (Xdip-SV1, Apex Instruments, India), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM, Sigma HD, Zeiss, Germany), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), atomic force microscopy (AFM, Nanosurf C3000, Switzerland), grazing incidence X-ray diffractometer (GIXRD, X-PERT PRO Panalytical, Netherland), electrochemical workstation (SP150, Biologic instruments, France), and a readout meter based on a microcontroller with a 2.8″ touch shield display (Arduino, Italy). Materials include zinc acetate dehydrate, triethanolamine, 2-methoxy ethanol, teflon tape, FTO substrates, and catechol.
4：8″ touch shield display (Arduino, Italy). Materials include zinc acetate dehydrate, triethanolamine, 2-methoxy ethanol, teflon tape, FTO substrates, and catechol. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: The FTO substrate is divided into three sections for WE, CE, and RE by creating line scratches. ZnO is deposited on the WE section using dip coating at 200 mm/min speed, followed by drying and heating. The film is characterized using FESEM, EDS, AFM, and GIXRD. Electrochemical tests (CV, amperometry, EIS) are performed with catechol solutions. The strip is integrated with a readout meter calibrated based on amperometric current variations.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data from CV and amperometry are analyzed to observe redox peaks and linear current-concentration relationships. Statistical analysis includes calculating relative standard deviations (RSD) for reproducibility.
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Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope
Sigma HD
Zeiss
Used to characterize the surface morphology of the ZnO thin film.
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Atomic Force Microscope
Nanosurf C3000
Nanosurf
Used to analyze the surface roughness and topography of the ZnO film.
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Grazing Incidence X-ray Diffractometer
X-PERT PRO
Panalytical
Used to investigate the crystalline nature of the ZnO film.
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Dip Coater
Xdip-SV1
Apex Instruments
Used for depositing zinc oxide thin film on the FTO substrate by dip coating at controlled speeds.
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Electrochemical Workstation
SP150
Biologic instruments
Used for electrochemical measurements including cyclic voltammetry, amperometry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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Microcontroller with Touch Shield Display
2.8″ touch shield
Arduino
Used as the readout meter for real-time detection and display of catechol concentration, programmed with a C++ code.
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FTO Coated Glass Substrate
Dyesol
Used as the conducting substrate for fabricating the electrochemical strip, with resistivity of 7 Ω/sq and thickness of 150-160 nm.
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