1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study employed an in-situ growth method to fabricate CuInS2/TiO2 heterojunctions, with characterization using XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-vis DRS, and photoelectrochemical measurements. Photocatalytic activities were tested for RhB degradation and hydrogen production under visible and UV-vis light.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples included pure TiO2, CuInS2, and various CIS-TO composites (0.1%, 0.5%, 1%, 2.5%, 5%). RhB was used as the model pollutant, and sacrificial agents (Na2S and Na2SO3) were used for hydrogen production.

3：1%, 5%, 1%, 5%, 5%). RhB was used as the model pollutant, and sacrificial agents (Na2S and Na2SO3) were used for hydrogen production. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment included Rigaku D/MAX 3C XRD, JEOL JSM-6390A SEM, Tecnai G2 F20 HRTEM, Kratos AXIS NOVA XPS, PerkinElmer Lambda 950 UV-vis DRS, CHI 660 electrochemical workstation, SHIMADZU UV-3600 spectrophotometer, gas chromatography (GC 7900), and a 300 W Xe lamp. Materials included tetrabutyl titanate, isopropanol, CuCl, InCl3, oleylamine, thioacetamide, DMF, ethylene glycol, RhB, Na2S, Na2SO3, and various trapping agents.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

TiO2 was prepared hydrothermally, CIS-TO via in-situ growth. Characterization involved structural and optical analyses. Photocatalytic tests included dark adsorption equilibrium, light irradiation, sampling, and analysis. Photoelectrochemical measurements used a three-electrode system.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using kinetic models (e.g., ln(C0/C)=kt for degradation rates), PL spectra, photocurrent responses, EIS, and statistical methods for reproducibility.