研究目的
To develop a facile method for synthesizing cross-linked fluorescent organic nanoparticles with aggregation-induced emission characteristics using thiol-ene click reaction and evaluate their potential for biological imaging applications.
研究成果
The cross-linked TPE-S-PEG FONs exhibit small size, high water dispersibility, low cytotoxicity, strong fluorescence, and AIE characteristics, making them promising for biomedical imaging applications. The thiol-ene click reaction provides a facile and efficient synthesis method that can be expanded for multifunctional materials.
研究不足
The study focuses on a specific TPE derivative and PEG system; generalizability to other AIE molecules or polymers may require further investigation. The cytotoxicity was tested only on A375 cells, and long-term effects or in vivo applications were not explored.
1:Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A one-step thiol-ene click reaction was employed to synthesize cross-linked AIE-active copolymers (TPE-S-PEG) using pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) as a linkage between acrylated PEG and a TPE derivative with two ene bonds. The reaction was conducted under mild conditions with high efficiency.
2:Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Precursors included 4-bromobenzophenone, zinc powders, titanium tetrachloride, polyethylene glycol (PEG2000), pentaerythritol tetra(3-mercaptopropionate) (PT), and other chemicals purchased from suppliers. A375 human malignant melanoma cells were used for cytotoxicity and cell uptake studies.
3:List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Instruments included Bruker Avance-400 spectrometer for NMR, Nicolet5700 FT-IR spectrometer, Hitachi 7650B TEM, Fluorescence spectrophotometer (FSP, model: C11367-11) from Hamamatsu, Spectrofluorometer FS5 from Edinburg Instruments for quantum yield, ZetaPlus apparatus from Brookhaven Instruments for DLS, and confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM) Zeiss 710 3-channel. Materials included various chemicals from Henwns and Aladdin.
4:Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis involved McMurry reaction for TPEDBr, Suzuki-Miyaura reaction for TPEDB, acrylation of PEG, and thiol-ene click reaction to form TPE-S-PEG. Characterization included NMR, FT-IR, TEM, DLS, UV-Vis, fluorescence spectroscopy, cytotoxicity assay using CCK-8 kit, and CLSM for cell imaging.
5:Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using standard spectroscopic techniques, fluorescence intensity measurements for CMC determination, and statistical analysis for cell viability assays.
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Bruker Avance-400 spectrometer
Avance-400
Bruker
Recording 1H NMR spectra
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Nicolet5700 FT-IR spectrometer
5700
Thermo Nicolet
Characterizing polymers and materials using FT-IR
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Hitachi 7650B TEM
7650B
Hitachi
Recording TEM images of nanoparticles
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Fluorescence spectrophotometer
C11367-11
Hamamatsu
Obtaining fluorescence data
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Spectrofluorometer FS5
FS5
Edinburg Instruments
Determining quantum yield of FONs
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Confocal laser scanning microscope
710 3-channel
Zeiss
Examining cell uptake behavior
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ZetaPlus apparatus
ZetaPlus
Brookhaven Instruments
Measuring hydrodynamic size distribution
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Cell counting kit-8
CCK-8
Evaluating cell viability
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