1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

Zn-Al oxides were synthesized using a microwave plasma torch (MPT) with precursors introduced upstream or downstream. The method was chosen for its high temperature, fast quenching rate, and control over synthesis conditions.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Precursors were

3：5 M aqueous zinc nitrate or zinc/aluminum nitrate solutions with Zn/Al ratios of

1, 3:1, 2:1, and 1:1. Dyes used for testing included methyl blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange (MO), and acid red 27 (AR27).

4：Dyes used for testing included methyl blue (MB), rhodamine B (RhB), methyl orange (MO), and acid red 27 (AR27). List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Microwave plasma torch with ultrasonic atomizer, microwave generator (1500 W), quartz tube, argon and oxygen gases, aqueous precursor solutions (Alfa Aesar), XRD (Shimadzu XRD-6000), SEM (Hitachi S-4800), TEM (JEOL JEM-2000FX II), FTIR (Bruker Tensor 27), BET surface area analyzer (Micromeritics ASAP 2020), TGA/DSC (TA Instruments Q500), UV-Vis spectrometer (Hitachi U-3900), UV lamp (UV-Tech LTD UV-A20W), visible light lamp (Philips PL-L 4P).

5：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Precursor droplets (1-8 μm) were fed into the reaction chamber with gas flow (O2, 8-17 L/min). Samples were collected from upstream or downstream paths. Characterization involved XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, BET, TGA, and UV-Vis. Adsorption and photocatalytic tests were performed by suspending 0.05 g sample in 50 mL dye solution with or without light irradiation.

6：05 g sample in 50 mL dye solution with or without light irradiation. Data Analysis Methods:

5. Data Analysis Methods: Adsorption kinetics analyzed using pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order models; isotherms analyzed with Langmuir and Freundlich models; photocatalytic degradation analyzed with Langmuir-Hinshelwood model; statistical analysis included correlation coefficients (R2).