研究目的
Investigating the enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity and room temperature ferromagnetism in Gd-doped cerium oxide nanoparticles for hydrogen generation via photocatalytic water splitting.
研究成果
Gd-doped CeO2 nanoparticles exhibit enhanced photocatalytic activity for hydrogen generation due to increased oxygen vacancies and band gap narrowing. The ferromagnetic behavior is weak and suppressed at higher dopant concentrations. The results correlate well with characterization data, providing insights for designing efficient photocatalysts. Future work could optimize dopant concentrations and explore other rare earth dopants.
研究不足
The study is limited to Gd-doped CeO2 nanoparticles synthesized by coprecipitation; other synthesis methods or dopants are not explored. The magnetic measurements show weak ferromagnetism dominated by paramagnetism at higher dopant concentrations, indicating potential issues with ferromagnetic ordering. The XPS analysis for Gd 4d has poor statistics due to low concentrations. The photocatalytic activity is tested only under specific conditions (e.g., 10% CH3OH electrolyte, 300 W Xe lamp), which may not represent all real-world applications.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses a coprecipitation method for synthesis, with characterization via XRD, TEM, HRTEM, SEAD, SERS, UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy, XPS, SQUID, and photocatalytic water splitting tests. Theoretical models include Debye-Scherrer's formula for particle size calculation and Tauc's equation for band gap determination.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Pure CeO2 and Ce1-xGdxO2 nanoparticles with x = 0.00, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, and 0.10 are synthesized. Data are acquired from laboratory measurements using specified instruments.
3：00, 02, 04, 06, 08, and 10 are synthesized. Data are acquired from laboratory measurements using specified instruments.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Equipment includes Brucker D8 Advance diffractometer (XRD), Technai G2 20 S-TWIN TEM (FEI Netherlands), Thermo Scientific DXRxi Raman Imaging Microscope (SERS), Shimadzu UV-3600 Plus spectrophotometer (UV-Vis-NIR), Omicron Multiprobe Surface analysis System (XPS), Quantum Design MPMS-3 SQUID system, and 300 W Xe lamp for photocatalytic tests. Materials include ammonium cerium(IV) nitrate, gadolinium(III) nitrate hexahydrate, sodium hydroxide, and Pt for loading.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Synthesis involves dissolving precursors in distilled water, adding NaOH to pH 11, stirring, drying, and annealing at 500°C for 8h. Characterization steps include XRD for structural analysis, TEM for morphology, SERS for vibrational modes, UV-Vis-NIR for optical properties, XPS for chemical states, SQUID for magnetic properties, and photocatalytic water splitting with H2 gas collection and GC analysis.
5：8h. Characterization steps include XRD for structural analysis, TEM for morphology, SERS for vibrational modes, UV-Vis-NIR for optical properties, XPS for chemical states, SQUID for magnetic properties, and photocatalytic water splitting with H2 gas collection and GC analysis.
Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: Data are analyzed using ImageJ for particle size distribution, Lorentzian fitting for Raman spectra, Gaussian fitting for XPS spectra, and stoichiometry calculations for oxygen vacancies.
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