研究目的
To design, simulate, and evaluate a two-stage hybrid single and double clad Thulium-doped fiber amplifier (TDFA) for achieving high output power, good power conversion, low noise figure, scalable output power, high gain, and stable operation over a large dynamic range in the 2 μm band.
研究成果
The hybrid TDFA design achieves over 20 W output power with high slope efficiency (>50%), broad bandwidth (~80 nm), low noise figure (<6 dB), and good stability. Co-pumping offers better dynamic range than counter-pumping. The simulation tool accurately predicts performance, and the amplifier is scalable for applications like LIDAR and optical transmission systems.
研究不足
The dynamic range is limited by the onset of lasing in the pre-amplifier stage due to insufficient interstage isolation. The operational bandwidth varies between fibers (e.g., 83 nm for iXBlue vs. 71 nm for Nufern), and discrepancies up to 1 dB exist between simulation and experiment. Scaling to higher powers may require improved isolation or ASE filtering.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses a two-stage hybrid amplifier topology with the first stage as a single-clad pre-amplifier and the second stage as a double-clad booster amplifier. Simulation software based on a three-level model is employed to predict performance, with comparisons to experimental data.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Active fibers include single-clad Tm-doped fiber from OFS (TmDF200) and double-clad fibers from iXBlue and Nufern. Signal sources are single-frequency narrow linewidth discrete mode lasers (DML) at wavelengths such as 1952 nm and 2004 nm.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes optical isolators, wavelength division multiplexers (WDM), pump lasers at 1567 nm and 793 nm, power meters, spectrum analyzers, and the specified doped fibers. Materials are the Tm-doped fibers with characterized parameters like absorption, gain, and lifetime.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The setup involves coupling the signal into the pre-amplifier stage, which is co- and counter-pumped with a 1567 nm laser. The output is isolated and fed into the booster stage, pumped at 793 nm in co- or counter-pumping configurations. Output power, gain, noise figure, and spectra are measured for various input powers and pump powers.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data is analyzed using the simulation software for comparison, with metrics such as optical slope efficiency, gain, noise figure, and bandwidth calculated from experimental measurements. Statistical agreement (e.g., within 1 dB) is assessed.
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TmDF200
TmDF200
OFS
Used as the single-clad thulium-doped fiber in the pre-amplifier stage for signal amplification.
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Discrete mode laser
DML
Eblana Photonics
Provides single-frequency narrow linewidth input signals at wavelengths such as 1952 nm and 2004 nm.
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Thulium-doped double clad fiber
10 μm core
iXBlue
Used in the booster stage for high-power amplification.
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Thulium-doped double clad fiber
10.9 μm core
Nufern
Used as an alternative in the booster stage for comparison.
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Fiber laser
Used for pumping at 1567 nm and 793 nm wavelengths.
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Optical isolator
Isolates stages to prevent feedback and ASE effects.
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Wavelength division multiplexer
WDM
Combines pump and signal lights in the amplifier stages.
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Power meter
Measures input and output powers.
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Spectrum analyzer
Analyzes output spectra for OSNR and bandwidth measurements.
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