研究目的
Optimizing the synthesis procedure of TiO2 P25-rGO composites for photodegradation of a selected mixture of pesticides classified by EU as priority pollutants, and elucidating the photocatalytic mechanism using scavengers.
研究成果
The optimized P25-rGO composite with 0.25 wt.% GO, synthesized at 120°C for 18 h, showed high photocatalytic activity for phenol and pesticides degradation. The mechanism is primarily mediated by hydroxyl radicals from photo-induced holes, with minimal contribution from electrons or direct hole oxidation.
研究不足
The study is limited to specific synthesis conditions and pesticides; scalability and real-world application may require further optimization. The use of scavengers might not fully capture all mechanistic details, and the composite's performance could be affected by environmental factors not tested.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involved optimizing the hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2 P25-rGO composites by varying temperature (120°C and 180°C), time (6-18 h), and GO loading (0.0 to 1.0 wt.%). Photocatalytic activity was assessed using phenol and a mixture of pesticides (alachlor, diuron, atrazine, isoproturon) under UV and visible light irradiation. Scavengers (methanol, formic acid, copper(II) nitrate) were used to elucidate the photocatalytic mechanism.
2：0 to 0 wt.%). Photocatalytic activity was assessed using phenol and a mixture of pesticides (alachlor, diuron, atrazine, isoproturon) under UV and visible light irradiation. Scavengers (methanol, formic acid, copper(II) nitrate) were used to elucidate the photocatalytic mechanism. Sample Selection and Data Sources:
2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Commercial TiO2 P25 (Evonik) and GO suspension (Graphenea) were used. Pesticides were selected based on EU priority pollutants list.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Hydrothermal reactor (PTFE-stainless steel jacket), centrifuge, drying oven, XRD (PANalytical X'Pert PRO), UV-vis spectrophotometer (Cary 5000 Agilent), BET surface area analyzer (Micromeritics ASAP 2420), mercury intrusion porosimeter (Micromeritics AutoPore IV 9510), Raman microscope (Renishaw), XPS spectrometer (K-Alpha Thermo Scientific), EDX (Quanta 3D FEG FEI), photoreactor with UV and visible lamps (Narva), light meter (Delta Ohm HD 2302.02), TOC analyzer (TOC-VCSH/CSN Shimadzu), HPLC (Azura Knauer).
4：02), TOC analyzer (TOC-VCSH/CSN Shimadzu), HPLC (Azura Knauer). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Composites were synthesized hydrothermally, characterized, and tested in a slurry photoreactor. Photocatalytic runs involved pre-mixing with air, sampling, and irradiation. Scavengers were added to study mechanisms.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
XRD for crystalline phases and sizes (Scherrer equation), UV-vis for band gap (Tauc plots), BET and MIP for textural properties, Raman for disorder levels, XPS and EDX for surface composition, kinetic analysis using pseudo-first order rate constants.
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XRD
X'Pert PRO
PANalytical
Used for characterizing crystalline phases and sizes of composites.
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UV-vis Spectrophotometer
Cary 5000
Agilent
Used for absorption spectra and band gap calculations.
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XPS Spectrometer
K-Alpha
Thermo Scientific
Used for surface composition and oxidation state analysis.
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EDX
Quanta 3D FEG
FEI
Used for quantitative surface composition analysis.
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TOC Analyzer
TOC-VCSH/CSN
Shimadzu
Used to measure total organic carbon concentration.
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TiO2 P25
P25
Evonik
Used as the base photocatalyst material in the synthesis of composites.
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Graphene Oxide Suspension
4 mg mL^{-1}
Graphenea
Used in the synthesis of TiO2 P25-rGO composites.
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BET Surface Area Analyzer
ASAP 2420
Micromeritics
Used for determining specific surface area and mesoporosity.
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Mercury Intrusion Porosimeter
AutoPore IV 9510
Micromeritics
Used for porosity studies.
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Raman Microscope
Renishaw
Used for Raman spectroscopy to verify presence of TiO2 and rGO.
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UV Lamp
LT 15 W/073 Black-Light Blue
Narva
Used as light source in photoreactor for UV irradiation.
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Visible Lamp
LT 15 W/865 Cool Day-Light
Narva
Used as light source in photoreactor for visible irradiation.
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Light Meter
HD 2302.02
Delta Ohm
Used to measure irradiance in the photoreactor.
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HPLC
Azura
Knauer
Used to monitor pesticides and phenol concentrations.
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