研究目的
To investigate and validate the principle of deformation sensing and electrical compensation for a smart skin antenna structure with optimal FBG strain sensor configurations, focusing on monitoring structural deformation and compensating deteriorated radiation patterns caused by deformations.
研究成果
The proposed smart skin antenna structure with embedded FBG sensors effectively monitors structural deformations and compensates deteriorated radiation patterns using a novel strain-electromagnetic coupling model and optimal sensor placement method. Experimental results show good agreement between reconstructed and measured deformations, with radiation patterns nearly restored to undesired states. The structure has potential applications in mobile vehicles for integrated electromagnetic, mechanical, and sensing functions, though mutual coupling effects and dynamic measurement limitations require further research.
研究不足
The electrical compensation does not fully account for mutual coupling among antenna elements, affecting sidelobe level restoration. The FEM accuracy influences sensor placement and compensation effectiveness. Dynamic radiation pattern measurement is challenging due to time constraints. Model updates are needed for improved FEM accuracy.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study involves designing a smart skin antenna structure with embedded FBG strain sensors, using strain-displacement transformation for deformation reconstruction and a derived strain-electromagnetic coupling model for electrical compensation. A two-step sensor placement method with k-means clustering and sequential optimization is employed to determine optimal sensor locations.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
A finite element model (FEM) of the smart skin antenna structure is created using ANSYS software, with dimensions 360 mm x 200 mm, consisting of 32 microstrip antenna elements. Experimental validation uses a fabricated prototype with 15 FBG sensors.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes ANSYS for FEM modeling, FBG demodulator for strain measurement, active RF circuits, beam control circuits, digital photogrammetric system, NDI Optotrak Certus for dynamic displacement measurement, and an anechoic chamber for radiation pattern measurement. Materials include glass/epoxy facesheet, Nomex honeycomb core, polyimide film for sensing layer, photosensitive resin for array framework, and RO4350B for antenna elements.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Fabricate the smart skin antenna using 3D printing and bonding techniques. Conduct static and dynamic deformation tests using a deformation fixture with stepping motors. Measure strains with FBG sensors, reconstruct deformations, calculate phase compensation values, update antenna excitations, and measure radiation patterns before and after compensation.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Use least squares method for modal coordinate solving, relative reconstruction error equation for accuracy assessment, and statistical measures like RMSE, MAE, and RPE to evaluate reconstruction and compensation performance.
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