1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study used electrochemical techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) to investigate adsorption kinetics and electron transfer. In situ measurements were performed to monitor real-time changes.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Indium tin oxide (ITO) coated glass plates were used as working electrodes. Phosphonic acids (hexadecylphosphonic acid and octadecylphosphonic acid) were dissolved in solvents including ethanol, water, toluene, and hexane.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included an EG&G PAR potentiostat, SRS Model SR 830 DSP lock-in amplifier, AFM (Bruker Dimension Icon, Nanoscope

4：15), VCA Optima XE contact angle goniometer. Materials included ITO substrates, phosphonic acids, solvents (ethanol, water, toluene, hexane), electrolytes (TBATFB, NaF), and redox probes ([Fe(CN)6]3-/4-). Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

ITO electrodes were cleaned and pretreated. Adsorption kinetics were studied by immersing ITO in phosphonic acid solutions and monitoring impedance over time. Modified ITO surfaces were prepared by immersion in phosphonic acid solutions for 12 hours, followed by ultrasonication and drying. Electrochemical measurements (CV and EIS) were conducted using a three-electrode setup with Pt counter electrode and SCE reference electrode.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using equivalent circuit fitting for EIS, calculation of surface coverage and rate constants from capacitance changes, and determination of charge transfer resistance and apparent rate constants.