1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

A two-step hydrothermal method was used to prepare TiO2/MoS2 heterostructures on carbon fibers (CFs). The design rationale was to create a heterojunction to improve carrier separation and utilize the wide absorption spectrum of MoS

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Carbon fibers were used as the substrate. Pollutants included Rhodamine B (RhB), Acid Orange 7 (AO7), tetracycline hydrochloride (TC), and 4-chlorophenol (4-CP).

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Hydrothermal reactor, UV–vis-NIR spectrometer, SEM, TEM, HR-TEM, EDS, XRD, XPS, electrochemical workstation for photocurrent and EIS measurements. Materials included sodium molybdate, thiourea, oxalic acid, deionized water, and various pollutants.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

TiO2 nanorods were grown on CFs via hydrothermal method. MoS2 nanosheets were then grown on CFs/TiO2 using another hydrothermal step. Photocatalytic degradation tests were conducted under visible-light irradiation. Photoelectrochemical tests involved weaving CFs/TiO2/MoS2 into a cloth and using it as a working electrode in a three-electrode system with applied bias and light irradiation.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Degradation efficiency was monitored using UV–vis spectroscopy. Photocurrent and EIS were measured with an electrochemical workstation. Characterization techniques included SEM, TEM, EDS, XRD, and XPS for structural and compositional analysis.