1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involves synthesizing hollow gold nanospheres (HGNs) with varying surface morphologies using a pH modification method during galvanic exchange. The optical and structural properties are characterized, and photothermal conversion efficiency (PCE) is measured.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Cobalt-based nanoparticle scaffolds are synthesized and used as templates for HGN formation. Samples include smooth and bumpy HGNs with controlled surface features.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment includes dynamic light scattering (DLS) instrument (DynaPro NanoStar from Wyatt Technology), UV-Vis spectrophotometer (Agilent Technologies Cary 60), scanning electron microscope (SEM, FEI Quanta 3D), transmission electron microscope (TEM, FEI UT Tecnai), ICP-OES (Thermo iCAP 7400), and a 790 nm NIR continuous wave laser. Materials include CoCl2·6H2O, Na3C6H5O7·2H2O, NaBH4, HAuCl4, NaOH, ultrapure water, and PEG reagents.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Synthesis of CoxBy NP scaffolds, galvanic exchange to form HGNs with pH adjustment using NaOH, characterization via DLS, UV-Vis, SEM, TEM, and HRTEM. PEGylation of HGNs, photothermal experiments with laser irradiation and temperature measurement using a thermocouple, and ICP-OES for elemental analysis.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

PCE is calculated using equations based on temperature change and laser power, with statistical analysis of structural dimensions and optical properties.