1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:

The study involved synthesizing BiOCl nanosheets with and without oxygen vacancies using hydrothermal methods, followed by characterization and photocatalytic testing. Theoretical models for charge separation dynamics were applied.

2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:

Samples included BiOCl and BiOCl-OVs prepared from specific chemicals. Data were sourced from various spectroscopic and electrochemical measurements.

3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:

Equipment included X-ray diffractometer, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-vis spectrometer, ESR spectrometer, PL spectrometer, electrochemical analyzer, and FTIR spectrometer. Materials included bismuth nitrate pentahydrate, bismuth chloride, sodium chloride, oleic acid, oleylamine, iron(III) acetylacetonate, nitric acid, and 1-octadecene.

4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:

Synthesis involved hydrothermal reactions at 170°C for 16 hours. Characterization steps included XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, UV-vis, ESR, PL, photoelectrochemical measurements, and photocatalytic tests for NO removal and dye degradation under simulated solar and visible light.

5：Data Analysis Methods:

Data were analyzed using exponential fitting for photocurrent dynamics, ESR signal intensity comparisons, and statistical analysis of photocatalytic efficiency.