研究目的
To investigate the use of photofluidization of azobenzenes as a non-antibiotic antibacterial strategy to disrupt and remove bacterial biofilms from surfaces, aiming to combat antibiotic resistance.
研究成果
The photofluidization of azobenzenes enables significant biofilm removal (up to 4 log reduction) for most tested bacteria, offering a novel, non-antibiotic strategy that is pathogen-nonspecific and unlikely to induce resistance. Future work should focus on optimizing azobenzene structures for stronger biofilms and multispecies applications.
研究不足
The approach was ineffective for sucrose-dependent Streptococcus mutans biofilms, which are highly adhesive. The study used single-species biofilms, and multispecies biofilms may have different properties. Further optimization is needed for varying biofilm mechanics and adhesive forces.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study utilized the photofluidization effect of azobenzenes, which involves rapid trans-cis-trans isomerization cycles under specific light wavelengths to induce surface fluidization and biofilm disruption. Azobenzene-coated polymer substrates were prepared and tested for biofilm removal.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Biofilms of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA01), Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Streptococcus mutans (both sucrose-dependent and sucrose-independent) were grown on the substrates. Bacterial strains were sourced from collaborating labs.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment included a confocal microscope (3I Marianas, inverted microscope, 1000x), Zeiss Axioplan II microscope (630x), clinical dental lamp (3M Elipar DeepCure-S LED Curing Light), and materials such as poly(methyl methacrylate), methyl methacrylate, triethylene glycol dimethacrylate, 4-phenyl azophenyl acrylate, dimethylformamide (DMF), rhodamine B acrylate, AIBN thermal initiator, and live-dead staining kit (Invitrogen LIVE/DEAD BacLight Viability kit).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Biofilms were grown on azobenzene-coated and control substrates, exposed to light (430-480 nm, 700 mW/cm2 for 20-45 s), gently washed with PBS, and imaged before and after exposures. The process was repeated up to three times per sample. Biofilm removal was quantified via colony-forming units (CFU/mL) and live-dead staining.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed by determining CFU counts through serial dilutions and statistical comparisons between azobenzene-coated and control substrates. Confocal and light microscopy were used for imaging and qualitative assessment.
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