研究目的
To develop a sensitive, simple, and rapid label-free electrochemical immunosensor for the quantitative detection of human epididymis specific protein 4 antigen (HE4 Ag) using a novel multi-amplification signal strategy based on TiO2-NGO/Au@Pd hetero-nanostructures.
研究成果
The developed label-free electrochemical immunosensor based on TiO2-NGO/Au@Pd HSs hetero-nanostructures provides excellent sensitivity, selectivity, reproducibility, and stability for HE4 Ag detection, with a wide linear range and low detection limit, making it promising for clinical applications in cancer biomarker screening.
研究不足
The paper does not explicitly mention specific limitations, but potential areas could include the stability over longer periods beyond four weeks, interference from other biomarkers in complex samples, and scalability for mass production.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study designed a label-free electrochemical immunosensor using TiO2-NGO/Au@Pd HSs hetero-nanostructures as a signal amplification platform. Methods included hydrothermal synthesis for TiO2-NGO, seed-mediated approach for Au@Pd HSs, and electrochemical measurements (amperometry, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy).
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Human epididymis specific protein 4 antigen (HE4 Ag) was used as the analyte. Serum samples from humans were tested for recovery studies.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Equipment includes CHI760E electrochemical workstation, glassy carbon electrode (GCE, 4 mm diameter), platinum wire auxiliary electrode, saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE). Materials include alumina powders, TiO2-NGO/Au@Pd HSs nanocomposites, HE4 antibody, bovine serum albumin (BSA), phosphate buffered solutions (PBS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]), potassium chloride (KCl).
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The GCE was polished and cleaned. TiO2-NGO/Au@Pd HSs were drop-cast onto GCE, followed by incubation with anti-HE4, BSA, and HE4 Ag. Electrochemical measurements were performed in PBS with H2O2 as substrate at -0.4 V potential.
5：4 V potential.
Data Analysis Methods:
5. Data Analysis Methods: Data were analyzed using amperometric i-t curves, cyclic voltammetry, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The Laviron model was used for electron transfer rate constant calculation, and standard addition method for recovery studies.
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