研究目的
To develop FDTD modeling suitable for electromagnetic wave analysis of a human voxel model at millimeter-wave frequencies, addressing the need for high-resolution geometrical and electrical modeling to accurately study EM wave interactions with human tissues.
研究成果
The developed FDTD modeling, incorporating high-resolution voxel enhancement, image smoothing, QCRF dispersion modeling, and MPI parallel processing, is valid and effective for mmWave EM analysis of human tissues. It provides accurate results compared to theoretical models and can be extended to other frequency ranges or biological phantoms with similar methods.
研究不足
The study focuses on a small region (brain part) as a proof of concept; whole-body simulations may require more computational resources. The frequency range is limited to 6-100 GHz, and the model may not account for all biological variabilities. The image smoothing technique might introduce slight inaccuracies in boundary representation.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method for numerical simulations. It incorporates voxel resolution enhancement and image smoothing techniques for geometrical modeling, and a quadratic complex rational function (QCRF) for electrical dispersion modeling. MPI-based parallel processing is applied for computational efficiency.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The human voxel model is based on the Ella phantom from the Virtual Population dataset, with an original resolution of
3：5 mm × 5 mm × 5 mm. Dielectric properties of human tissues are sourced from Gabriel's data provided by IFAC. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
A CPU cluster with 15 nodes, each equipped with an Intel i7-2600 (Quad Core) processor and 16 GB SDRAM, totaling 60 processes and 240 GB memory. Software includes MPI library for parallel processing.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The voxel resolution is enhanced by a factor of 20 to
5：025 mm × 025 mm × 025 mm using a downsizing process. Image smoothing is applied using erosion and dilation with octahedron and spherical structuring elements. QCRF coefficients are fitted to tissue dielectric data. FDTD simulations are performed with PML absorbing boundaries, a Gaussian-modulated sine wave excitation (6-100 GHz bandwidth), and CFL stability condition. Data is analyzed using discrete Fourier transform. Data Analysis Methods:
Reflection coefficients and electric field distributions are computed and compared to theoretical results. Scalability of parallel processing is evaluated by measuring computation time ratios.
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