研究目的
To design and manufacture a hybrid solar collector (L1) that operates using solar energy during the day and electrical energy at night for water heating and sterilization, suitable for environments like Iraq with abundant solar intensity.
研究成果
The hybrid solar collector L1 successfully produces hot water at temperatures up to 105°C, enabling sterilization, and operates continuously using solar and electrical energy. It is cost-effective, easy to manufacture, and suitable for various environments, with recommendations for material substitutions like aluminum to further reduce costs.
研究不足
The design may have limitations in extremely low solar radiation conditions or high humidity areas, and the use of electrical power increases operational costs slightly. Potential optimizations include using aluminum pipes to reduce cost and improving insulation for better efficiency.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The design involves a hybrid solar collector (L1) that uses solar energy during daylight and electrical energy at night. It includes a copper pipe wrapped around a hot water tank, painted matt black for heat absorption, placed inside a glass box for insulation, and mounted on a dish with reflective mirrors to concentrate solar radiation. The system is tested for water heating and sterilization efficiency.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
Tests were conducted in Basra city, Iraq (latitude 30.5°N, longitude 47.8°E) from December 2017 to May 2018, using water as the working fluid with a fixed flow speed of 150 ml/min.
3：5°N, longitude 8°E) from December 2017 to May 2018, using water as the working fluid with a fixed flow speed of 150 ml/min.
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Glass panes (thickness 0.4 cm), water hose, copper pipes (diameter 0.48 cm, length 1300 cm), reflective mirrors (cut to 10x10 cm2), glass wool, black matt paint, dish (diameter 113 cm), external tank, valve, adhesive, metal bar, screws, hot water tank (Thw) from a water cooler, rounded iron columns (diameter 1.25 cm, length 39 cm), and an electrical heater (2 Amp, 440 Watt).
4：4 cm), water hose, copper pipes (diameter 48 cm, length 1300 cm), reflective mirrors (cut to 10x10 cm2), glass wool, black matt paint, dish (diameter 113 cm), external tank, valve, adhesive, metal bar, screws, hot water tank (Thw) from a water cooler, rounded iron columns (diameter 25 cm, length 39 cm), and an electrical heater (2 Amp, 440 Watt).
Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: Assemble the solar unit by wrapping the copper pipe in a circular shape around the hot water tank, paint it black, place it inside a glass box, fix reflective mirrors on the dish to direct solar radiation, and mount the unit on the dish with iron holders. Test during daylight hours (8:00 am to 7:00 pm) and at night using electrical power, measuring water temperature and flow.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Record water temperatures over time, analyze average temperatures monthly and under different weather conditions (e.g., cloudy days), and assess sterilization effectiveness based on boiling point (100°C).
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