研究目的
To integrate a Phase Change Material (PCM) in a Domestic Solar Hot Water Storage Tank (DSHWST) for thermal energy storage, select a suitable PCM based on Lebanese application requirements, and compare its performance with a conventional system using an electrical resistance in terms of energy savings and CO2 emission reduction.
研究成果
The integration of Sodium Acetate Trihydrate (SAT) as a PCM in a domestic solar hot water storage tank effectively reduces primary energy consumption by 6.5 MWh per year and CO2 emissions by 5.5 tons annually. However, the economic viability is highly dependent on regional PCM costs, with a payback period of 20 years in Lebanon but only 1.33 years in the UK. The system is scalable to larger applications like hospitals and hotels for greater energy savings.
研究不足
The study is limited to specific PCMs and a particular storage tank size for the Lebanese context. The cost analysis shows a long payback period in Lebanon (20 years) due to high PCM prices, which may not be economically feasible. The simulation relies on theoretical models and may not account for all real-world variables such as weather fluctuations or material degradation over time.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The study uses the Ashby approach for PCM selection based on multiple criteria decision making (MCDM), specifically figures of merit (FOMs) for thermal energy storage density and thermal diffusivity. Theoretical models include equations for heat storage and release, and simulations are conducted using ANSYS Fluent 17.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
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2. Sample Selection and Data Sources: Four PCM candidates (Stearic Acid, Hexacosane, Myristic Acid, Sodium Acetate Trihydrate) with melting temperatures around 60°C are selected from literature. A domestic solar hot water storage tank for a family of 5 persons with a volume of 282 liters is used, based on Lebanese market availability.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Materials include Sodium Acetate Trihydrate (SAT) PCM, graphite additive (10% by mass to enhance thermal conductivity), aluminum containers (tubes and spheres), and a conventional system with an electrical resistance (3 kW power). Equipment includes simulation software ANSYS Fluent 17.0 for system design.
4：0 for system design.
Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
4. Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow: The PCM selection involves calculating FOM1 (ρ*L for energy density) and FOM2 (k/(ρ*Cp) for thermal diffusivity. The mass of PCM needed is calculated based on energy equations. Containers (tubes and spheres) are designed and compared for heat transfer efficiency. The system is simulated to evaluate performance over time, including energy consumption and CO2 emissions.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data analysis includes calculations of energy storage (Q = m*L), energy released (Qr = m*LF), and time for heating. Statistical comparisons are made between DSHWST-PCM and CDSHWST systems, focusing on payback period and CO2 emissions reduction.
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