研究目的
To extend the measurable frequency of atomic-based microwave strength measurements beyond the natural resonant frequency of cesium atoms (9.2 GHz) to arbitrary frequencies, specifically within the X-band range (8.2–12.4 GHz), using the Zeeman effect in a static magnetic field.
研究成果
The study successfully demonstrated frequency extension of atomic microwave strength measurements using the Zeeman effect, shifting the resonant frequency to 8.2 GHz and measuring the Rabi frequency. This enables measurements at arbitrary frequencies between 8.2 and 9.2 GHz by adjusting the static magnetic field, providing a foundation for broader applications in metrology. Future work should focus on improving magnetic field uniformity to extend to higher frequencies.
研究不足
The nonuniformity of the static magnetic field in the glass cell causes broadening of resonance linewidths and reduced signal-to-noise ratio, limiting measurements at higher frequencies. The method is currently demonstrated only up to 8.2 GHz, and further optimization is needed for full X-band coverage.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
The experiment utilizes the Zeeman effect to shift the resonant frequency of cesium atoms in a static magnetic field. Double-resonance spectroscopy with microwaves and a laser is employed to observe resonance, and the atomic candle method (phase modulation of microwaves) is used to measure the Rabi frequency.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
A cesium vapor cell is used as the sample, with cesium atoms enclosed in a glass cell. Data are obtained from double-resonance spectra and atomic candle signals.
3：List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
Cesium vapor cell, WR-90 waveguide, signal synthesizer for microwaves, external cavity diode laser for 852 nm light, photodetector, lock-in amplifier, pair of solenoid electromagnets, Gauss meter, function generator for phase modulation, microwave detector.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
The cesium cell is placed in the waveguide with a static magnetic field applied. Microwaves and laser are irradiated, and double-resonance spectra are recorded. Phase modulation is applied to microwaves to obtain atomic candle signals, from which Rabi frequency is derived.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Resonant frequencies are compared with calculations from the Breit-Rabi formula. Rabi frequency is estimated from peaks in atomic candle signals using fitting with theoretical equations, and linear dependence on microwave strength is analyzed.
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signal synthesizer
Generates microwaves for the experiment.
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external cavity diode laser
Generates laser light at 852 nm for probing cesium atoms.
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photodetector
Detects the transmitted laser light to obtain double-resonance spectra.
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lock-in amplifier
Measures the atomic candle signal synchronized with the modulation frequency.
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solenoid electromagnets
Generates a static magnetic field for the Zeeman effect.
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Gauss meter
Measures the magnetic flux density in the waveguide.
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function generator
Applies phase modulation to the microwaves for the atomic candle method.
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microwave detector
Monitors the relative microwave strength.
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WR-90 waveguide
WR-90
Holds the cesium vapor cell and guides microwaves.
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cesium vapor cell
Contains cesium atoms for interaction with microwaves and laser.
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