研究目的
To investigate the assignability of measurement results from a miniaturized test array to a full-scale bifacial PV system for energy yield prediction and optimization of installation conditions.
研究成果
The miniaturized test array can accurately predict the energy yield of a full-scale bifacial PV system with a scaling factor that is largely independent of temperature and irradiation conditions. The prediction accuracy for single-day measurements has a standard deviation of ±2% to ±6.5%, depending on tilt angle, which improves with longer measurement periods (e.g., standard error of the mean below ±1% for 47 days). This approach offers a flexible and cost-effective alternative to simulation tools for optimizing bifacial system installations, though further validation with varied parameters is needed.
研究不足
The miniaturized device had improvised construction leading to frequent downtime and eventual breakdown, limiting the measurement period. Not all parameters of large systems could be replicated, such as anti-reflective coating on glass and response to shading (bypass diodes). The study was conducted with fixed installation parameters (height, row distance, albedo); variations in these were not tested. The assignability to other configurations (e.g., different albedo or height) remains unproven.
1：Experimental Design and Method Selection:
A miniaturized (1:12 scale) replica of an existing bifacial PV array (BIFOROT) was designed and constructed. Both systems used the same bifacial solar cell type. The experimental method involved synchronized tilt angle variation (12 steps from 0° to 90° in one-minute cycles) and IV-curve measurements to compare outputs under identical conditions.
2：Sample Selection and Data Sources:
The large test array (BIFOROT) consisted of a 3x3 array of commercial bifacial modules (Megacell MBF-GG60-270). The miniaturized array used cut bifacial solar cells from the same type. Data were collected from both systems over a period from February to May 2017, with constant installation parameters (row distance, height, albedo).
3：0). The miniaturized array used cut bifacial solar cells from the same type. Data were collected from both systems over a period from February to May 2017, with constant installation parameters (row distance, height, albedo).
List of Experimental Equipment and Materials:
3. List of Experimental Equipment and Materials: Bifacial modules (Megacell MBF-GG60-270), bifacial solar cells (n-Type 'BiSoN'), white roofing foil (Sika), electronic load (Keysight N3305A), interface (Keysight 82357B), LabView program for control, pyranometers, pyrheliometer, temperature sensors, wind speed sensors, rain sensors, cloud camera.
4：Experimental Procedures and Operational Workflow:
Both systems were oriented south (0° azimuth). They performed synchronized tilt angle variations, with IV-curves measured at each tilt position using an electronic load. Data were recorded and compared for Pmpp values. Scaling factors were applied to miniaturized data to match the large system output.
5：Data Analysis Methods:
Data were analyzed using statistical methods, including calculation of daily scaling factors, standard deviation, standard error of the mean, and application of the Huber M-estimator to handle outliers. Congruence of Pmpp plots and long-term stability were assessed.
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